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International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture Research Article 17 min read

Effect of Stocking Density on Survival, Growth and Production of Mud Crab Juvenile by Pen Culture System of Bangladesh

Chakraborty BK*
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2577-4050  10.23880/ijoac-16000143  Received: April 23, 2018  Published: May 30, 2018
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Keywords
Juvenile Mud crab Stocking density Carapace width Growth Survival Benefits
Abstract

Effect of stocking densities on the growth, survival and production of mud crab juvenile, genera Scylla was tested in a pen culture rearing system. Physico-chemical parameters were at the suitable level for culture period. The experiment was conducted for a rearing period of 135 days in nine pen culture earthen ponds having an area of 0.121 ha with an average depth of 0.90±0.13 meter each. Juvenile of mud crabs stocked at 0.025, 0.035 and 0.45 million.ha-1 were designated as treatment T1, T2 and T3. At stocking, all juveniles were with an initial mean carapace length, carapace width and weight of 2.80±0.02 cm, 4.10±0.04 cm and 45.80±0.80 g respectively. Highest mean carapace length, carapace width and weight gain was recorded in treatment T1 and lowest in treatment T3. Survival of juvenile followed the same trends as weight gain. Juvenile of mud crab in treatment T1 produced significantly higher specific growth rate than treatment T2 and T3. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in treatment T1 followed by treatment T2 and T3 in that order. Significantly higher number of juveniles was produced in treatment T3 than in treatment T2 and T1, respectively. In despite of this, consistently higher net benefits were found from treatment T1 than from treatment T3 and T2, and also significant (P

Introduction

The mud crab genera Scylla is widely distributed in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, where it inhabits brackish coastal waters and estuaries and has a great potential for aquaculture. The most commonly cultured crab species is Scylla serrata due to its preference to estuarine habitats, less aggressive behavior and higher value [1]. Scylla serrata is successfully cultivated in many Southeast Asian

countries and fetches high prices in the international market. In Taiwan, Scylla serrata has been reared in both polyculture (together with shrimps, milkfish and rice) and monoculture ponds [2, 1]. In Philippines, the species has been cultured in ponds [3, 4, 5] as well as in pens [6]. In East Malaysia, pen culture has been practiced where the mud crabs are allowed to grow in their natural habitat in enclosures in mangroves [7]. Pen culture is to be originated in the inland sea area of Japan in the early 1920’s [8] and adopted by the People’s Republic of China in the 1950’s for rearing of carps in freshwater lakes [9], and introduced to culture milkfish in the Philippines in the 1970’s [10]. From there, it has been successfully extended for the culture of tilapia and carp [11]. At present, it is commercially practiced only in the Bangladesh, Philippines, Indonesia and China [9]. Rearing of mud crab juveniles practice is first introduced in Bangladesh under the project “Culture of. Cuchia and Crab in the Selected Area of Bangladesh and Research Project”. No crab hatchery is not established in the country. So, mud crab culture practice is totally dependent on wild stock. Once the coastal area of Bangladesh had abundance of mud crab and wild fish species. Due to over exploitation and various ecological changes in the mangrove area, the population of mud crab is going to decrease. The mangrove area is under great stress and its existence is under danger because of changing aquatic ecosystems and habitat degradation. Indiscriminate destructive harvesting crab practices, soil erosion and lower salinity have caused havoc to the aquatic biodiversity of coastal area [12]. Mud crabs genera Scylla are importance as a source of delicious food and income throughout much of the tropical Indo-Pacific and as a consequence have been reduced, in both abundance and size, throughout much of their range [13, 14, 15]. The mud crabs of the coastal area were subjected to over capturing resulting in gradual decline in crab population [12]. Mud crab was facing as higher risk of extinction day-by-day. To overcome the basic requirement of mud crab juvenile in the aquaculture mud crab field, hatchery should be established in the coastal region of Bangladesh. But until to establish crab hatchery in Bangladesh, eco-friendly catch system of mud crab and sustainable juvenile mud crab culture should be popularized in the coastal area to continue gonad development of crab in pen and case culture [12].

The rearing of mud crab juveniles, genera Scylla was undertaken in net pen in the coastal region of Bagherhat, Khulna and Satkhira districts and wild crab juveniles collected from the Sundarbon mangrove area. The present experiment has been undertaken to develop a practical and economically viable methodology rearing of mud crab juveniles and economic viability of mud crab production under controlled pen culture management system.

Materials and Methods

Study Area, Culture Period and Experimental Design

Experimental juvenile mud crab culture was conducted in net pens at the private pond of Shamnagar, Satkhira; Rampal, Bhagherhat and Dumuria, Khulna; Bangladesh (Figure. 1a, 1b and 1c). The experiment was conducted for a period of 135 days from 1st September to 13 January 2016 in nine pens of earthen pond. The area of pen was 0.121 ha with an average depth of 0.95±0.13 meter with a low turbidity, absence of pollutants, firm bottom condition and protection from high winds. The pen of ponds was having similar rectangular size and depth. The pen was fenced with monofilament nets of mesh size 5 mm. The net was fixed to the bottom and supported with wooden pole. The height of the enclosures was maintained at 1.2 m during unfavorable climatic conditions. Saline water exchange in these enclosed water bodies was connected by tidal fluctuation. Three treatments with three replicates each were designed and differing in stocking densities of crab’s juveniles was stocked.

Figure 1
Click to enlarge
Figure 1

Figure 1(a): Juvenile mud crab culture in pen aquaculture system.

Figure 2
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Figure 2

Figure 1(b): Juvenile mud crab culture in pen aquaculture system.

Figure 1(c): Juvenile mud crab culture in pen aquaculture system.

Pond Preparation and Fertilization

The ponds were dewatered, freed from aquatic vegetation, exposed to full sunlight and had a well designed system of inlet and outlet. After drying, quicklime (CaCO3, 250 kg.ha-1) was spread over the pond bottom. All the ponds were filled with saline water. Five days subsequent to liming, the ponds were fertilized with muster oilcake at the rate of 123.5 kg.ha-1.

Stocking

The experimental ponds were stocked with an initial weight of 45.80±0.80 gm old mud crab juvenile. Stocking densities were 0.025 million.ha-1 (treatment T1), 0.035 million.ha-1 (treatment T2) and 0.045 million.ha-1 (treatment T3).

Supplementary Feeding

In order to meet the increasing dietary demand, trash fish including tilapia as feed was supplied at the rate of 03-6% of their total biomass twice daily commencing from the first day of stocking. The rate of feeding was maintained 6% depending on carapace length <4-6cm, 5% depending on carapace width <6-7cm, 4% depending on carapace width <7-8cm and 3% depending on carapace width <8-9cm and 2% depending on carapace width <9-11cm. Trash fish was provided twice daily, 40% of the ration in the morning and 60% in the evening commencing from the first day of stocking. Daily ration was adjusted by estimating the standing crop once in each fortnightly by random sampling of the stock.

Water Quality Parameters

Physico-chemical parameters of pond water were monitored fortnightly between 9.00 and 10.00h. Water temperature was recorded using a Celsius thermometer and salinity of water was measured by Refactometer. Dissolved oxygen and pH were measured directly using a digital electronic oxygen meter (YSI, Model 58, USA) and an electronic pH meter (Jenway, Model 3020, UK).

Estimation of Growth, Survival, Production and Feed Utilization

Total yield (kg) and number of S. serrata harvested from each pen of the pond were recorded. Twenty percent of the population from each pond was randomly sampled and individually weighed with the help of a portable sensitive balance (Model HL 400 EX) and measured for carapace length (CL) and carapace width (CW) with measuring venire calipers until they attained marketing size. Growth in terms of weight, Average daily gain (ADG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Food conversion ratio (FCR) was estimated. SGR and FCR were calculated according to Brown [16]; Castell and Tiews [17] and Gangadhara, et al., [18], respectively. After 135 days, the crabs were harvested by trap and draining or drying the ponds. The number of species were counted and weighed. Survival (%) and production (wt.ha-1) of crabs were then calculated and compared among the treatments.

Identification of Mud Crab Species and Percentage

Mud crabs genera Scylla was identified depending on colour, size, spintion and habitat according to Keenan, et al. [19].

Economic Analysis

The cost analysis was in terms of hectare to maintain a standard unit. Cost-return and partial budgeting analyses were done to compare the viability and profitability of the various treatments used [20].

Analysis of Experimental Data

The data were analyzed through one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using MSTAT followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range test to find out whether any significant difference existed among treatment means [21, 22, 23]. Standard deviation in each parameter and treatment was calculated and expressed as mean±S.D. In all statistical analysis, the difference was considered to be significant when P<0.05.

Results

Water Quality Parameters

Mean levels of physico-chemical parameters over the 135 days culturing mud crab juveniles are presented in Table 1. The temperature recorded in treatment T1, T2 and T3 was from September to January varied between 19.80°C and 30.78°C. The mean water temperatures in treatment T1, T2 and T3 were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The salinity in treatment T1, T2 and T3 were fluctuated between 7.35 and 18.22 ppt due to mixing estuarine saline water. Salinity was recorded suitable range in the treatment T1 (14.18±2.97 ppt) and differed significantly (P<0.05) among treatment T2 and T3. The highest pH was recorded in treatment T1 (7.77±0.15) and pH decreased from T1 to T3 but did not differ significantly (P>0.05). The pH recorded in treatment T1, T2 and T3 was from September to January varied between 7.50 and 8.12. Highest range of dissolved oxygen was recorded in treatment T1 (5.62±0.85 mg.l-1) and lowest range of dissolved oxygen was recorded in treatment T3. However, there were no significant variations (P>0.05) in the value of dissolved oxygen among the different treatments. Despite these variations, water quality parameters in all the experimental treatments were within the normal range for juvenile mud crab culture (Table 1).

Treatment
Parameter
T
1		T
2		T
3
Temperature (0C)25.45±6.9925.25±6.0825.38±6.22
(20.8030.70)(20.11-30.78)(19.80-29.95)
Salinity (ppt or 0/ )
00		14.18±2.97a12.35±3.01b10.01±4.10c
(9.10-18.22)(8.22-17.88)(7.35-16.68)
pH7.80±0.157.71±0.197.70±0.16
(7.60-8.12)(7.62-8.05)(7.50-8.00)
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)5.62±0.855.41±0.565.55±0.88
(5.10-6.15)(4.90-6.00)(5.01-6.18)

Table 1: Physico-chemical characters of water in the pen of juvenile ponds during the experimental period. Figure in the same row

Growth, Feed Utilization and Production of Fish

The growth and production of young crabs in term of gain in number and weight under three treatments were investigated and monitored fortnightly. The results obtained are presented in Table 2, and Figure 2(a& b) and 3; which indicated that the growth in terms of number and weight showed much variation in different treatment and continued till final harvesting. During the investigation, final weight of crab was recorded to be 298.50±4.05, 240.22±3.34 and 192.32±3.01 g in treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The increase in weight mud crab was the highest in T1 followed by T2 and T3, respectively. The initial carapace length, carapace width and weight (2.60±0.02 cm, 4.10±0.04 cm and 45.80±0.80 g) of juvenile stocked in all the ponds were the same. The juvenile in treatment T1 showed the highest gain in carapace length, carapace width and weight (6.10±1.01cm, 10.60±1.88 cm and 298.50±4.05 g) compared to the treatments T2 and T3, where stocking density of fingerlings was 0.030 million.ha-1. However, the mean final weight of mud crab juveniles in different treatments were significantly different (P<0.05). SGR in treatment T1 was significantly higher than in T2 and T3 (P<0.05). Food conversion ratio was significantly lower in T1 than T2 and T3. Therefore, best SGR (1.39±0.04) and FCR (1.91±0.02) were recorded in treatment T1 where

lowest number of juvenile of crab was reared. The highest

survival rate (64.10±2.14) was also observed in T1 and

the lowest (40.52±3.30) in T3. There was a significant

variation (P<0.05) in the survival rate in juvenile of crabs

among different treatments. The net production of crab

$$ w a s \quad (4 7 8 3. 4 4 \pm 6. 9 4 k g), \quad (4 3 2 4. 7 2 \pm 9. 1 3 k g) \quad a n d $$ (3506.76±10.03kg) ha-1.days-135 in treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Total production of mud crab was recorded to be higher in treatment T1 and lowest in treatment T3. On the other hand, highest number of juveniles was stocked in treatments T3, where lowest production was recorded and differed significantly (P<0.05) from T1 and T2 (Table 2).

Treatments
Parameters
T
1		T
2		T
3
Initial carapace length (cm)2.60±0.02
(2.10-2.98)		2.60±0.02
(2.10-2.98)		2.60±0.02
(2.10-2.98)
Final carapace length (cm)6.10±0.47
(5.60-6.50)		5.44±0.44
(4.95-5.80)		4.95±0.56
(4.3-5.31)
Initial carapace width (cm)4.10±0.04
(3.00-4.50)		4.10±0.04
(3.00-4.50)		4.10±0.04
(3.00-4.50)
Final carapace width (cm)10.60±1.88 (6.20-11.30)10.00±2.00 (6.00-11.10)9.50±2.20
(5.90-11.00)
Initial body weight (g)45.80±0.80 (40.40-50.66)45.80±0.80 (40.40-50.66))45.80±0.80
(40.40-50.66)
Final body weight (g)298.50±4.05a (260.08-
311.64)		240.22±3.34a (211.14-260.24)192.32±3.01a (167.22-215.22)
Net weight gain (g)252.70±3.01a (233.12-
277.66)		194.42±3.228b (166.10-209.32)146.52±3.34b (122.01-176.82)
Average daily gain(g)1.87±0.03a
(1.64-1.98)		1.44±0.04b
(1.31-1.68)		1.09±0.05c
(0.95-1.35)
Specific growth rate1.39±0.04a
(1.31-1.46)		1.23 ±0.04b
(1.15-1.28)		1.06±0.05c
(1.01-1.12)
Survival rate (%)64.10±2.14a (62.80-66.20)51.44±3.08b
(50.02-54.30)		40.52±3.30c
(44.80-49.80)
FCR1.91±0.02a
(1.70-1.96)		2.04± 0.04b
(1.95-2.10)		2.10±0.05c
(1.98-2.18)
Production#/ha16025±17.58a (14910-
16843)		18004±20.07b (17881-18661)18234±30.05c (18142-18492)
Production (kg.ha-1)4783.44 ±6.94a (4705.42-
4891.35)		4324.72 ±9.13b (4302.38-
4409.10)		3506.76 ±10.03c (3480.42-
3591.35)

Table 2: Survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), Growth performance and production of Scylla serrata juveniles after 135 days of r

Table 2: Survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), Growth performance and production of Scylla serrata juveniles after 135 days of rearing; mean ± S.D. with ranges in parentheses. Figure in the same row having the same superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). Values in the parenthesis indicate the range. # Total crop of crabs harvested after 135 days. Average daily gain (g) = (mean final weight - mean initial weight) / time interval (days).

Specific growth rate (SGR) = Ln mean final weight - Ln mean initial weight)/time interval (days) × 100. FCR (Food conversion ratio) = Total diet fed (kg) / total wet weight gain (kg).

Figure 3: 15 day’s interval means Carapace length (cm) of mud crab juvenile genera Scylla under different density.
Click to enlarge
Figure 3: 15 day’s interval means Carapace length (cm) of mud crab juvenile genera Scylla under different density.

About two species of mud crab Scylla serrata and Scylla olivacea were identified (Figure 4). The percentage of S. serrata was 44.82, 29.40 and 26.77% and S. olivacea was 55.18, 70.76 and 73.23% from treatment T1, T2 and T3.

There was a significant variation (P<0.05) in the percentage between S. serrata and S. olivacea among different treatments. Total production of S. serrata was found 2343.74±4.08, 1391.47±3.88 and 1038.46±3.99 kg in treatment T1, T2 and T3 (Figure 5) which was significantly (P<0.05) different in different treatments.

Treatment T1(0.030 million ha-1) Treatment T2(0.035 million ha-1) Treatment T3(0.04 million ha-1)

Figure 4: 15 day’s interval means Carapace width (cm) of mud crab juvenile genera Scylla under different density.
Click to enlarge
Figure 4: 15 day’s interval means Carapace width (cm) of mud crab juvenile genera Scylla under different density.
Figure 5: About 15 day’s interval means weight gain (g) of mud crab juvenile genera Scylla under different density.
Click to enlarge
Figure 5: About 15 day’s interval means weight gain (g) of mud crab juvenile genera Scylla under different density.

Net Benefit

Total cost production in treatment T1, T2 and T3 was recorded BDTk. 1084810, 1123039 and 1122663 respectively. On the other hand, cost of production in treatment T1 was consistently higher than those treatments T2 and T3 (Table 3 & 4). Highest net return (in term of Bangladeshi Tk.ha-1 and one US$ = Bangladeshi TK. 83) was obtained in treatment T1 (BdTk. 1545840) followed by T2 (BdTk. 822761) and T3 (BdTk. 280041) in that order.

Treatment T
1		Treatment T
2		Treatment T
3
Species
NumberPercentageProductionNumberPercentageProductionNumberPercentageProduction
Name
(#)(%)(kg)(#)(%)(kg)(#)(%)(kg)
Scylla
serrata		718244.822343.74±4.08529429.41391.47±3.8848.81271038.46±3.99
Scylla
olivacea		884355.182439.7±8.221271070.82933.25±8.6313353732468.3±9.58
Total160251004783.44
±6.94a		180041004324.72 ±9.13182341003506.76
±10.03

Table 3: Identification of mud crab species, number, percentage and production of genera Scylla in three treatments.

Amount TK•ha-1•month-2
ItemTreatmentTreatmentRemarks
Treatment T (Tk)a
1
T (Tk)
2		T (Tk)
3
Total return (TR)b263065019458001402704Price is related with
size and weight
a. Variable cost:
1. Price of juvenile250000350000450000Tk. 10.00 #-1
2. Feed (Tk. 60.00/kg)616662551044450072
3. Fertilizer, lime etc.101121011210112
4. Human labour cost
(Tk.300.00/day)		40500405004050001 labour day-1
5. Chemicals400843805010
6. Miscellaneous200002000020000With netting
Total Variable cost (TVC)991282976036975694
b. Fixed cost :Tk. 200.00 dec.-1
according to local rate.
10% interest according
to BKB, Bangladesh
1.Pond rental value494004940049400
2.Interest of operating capital941289760397569
Total fixed cost (TFC)143528147003146969
Total cost (TC= TVC+TFC)108481011230391122663
Gross margin (GM= TR-TVC)1689368943764427010
Net return (TR-TC)1545840822761280041

Table 4: Cost and benefits from the juvenile of genera Scylla in 1-ha earthen ponds for a period of 135 days. a1 US$ = BDTk. 83.0

Table 4: Cost and benefits from the juvenile of genera Scylla in 1-ha earthen ponds for a period of 135 days. a1 US$ = BDTk. 83.00 # = Number BKB = Bangladesh Krishi Bank Figures with different superscripts in the same row varied significantly (P<0.05). Figures in the parenthesis indicate range. bSale price Tk.550.00 kg-1 (T1), Tk.450.00 kg-1 (T2) and Tk.400.00 kg-1 (T3).

Discussion

The environmental parameters exert an immense influence on the maintenance of a well aquatic environment and production of food organisms. Growth, feed efficacy and feed consumption of fish are normally governed by a few environmental factors [24]. The physico-chemical parameters recorded in the nine ponds were favorable for the growth and survival of the crabs. For experimental period, the water temperature in three treatments T1, T2 and T3 was conducive to the growth of the crab juvenile. The salinity in three treatments T1, T2 and T3 was relatively more stable; due to a good water exchange in the pen during the culture period as the enclosure was located close to the seawater inlet. The favorable salinity range for mud crab culture was suitable which is agreed by Bhuiyan and Islam [25]. The pH values agreed well with the findings of APHA [26], Clesceri, et al. [27] and Chakraborty, et al. [12]. The dissolved oxygen in the morning was low in ponds stocked with a high density of fish compared to ponds stocked with a low density. Similar results were observed by Boyd [28] and APHA [26]. The stocking densities of the juvenile were 0.025 million ha-1 (treatment T1), 0.035 million ha-1 (treatment T2) and 0.045 million ha-1 (treatment T3), respectively; which were substantially higher compared to other trial cultures conducted in Taiwan by Chen, 1990 [29]. Cannibalism was found in different treatments which are agreed by Baliao DD, et al. [30, 31, 32]. They found common in mud crab culture when high stocking densities and mixed sex culture are practiced. Survival of mud crab for the present study was recorded at the range from 46.44 to 60.10% which is agreed by Trino, et al. [33, 5]. He reported that the loss of young crabs grown in ponds for a period of 3 to 8 months can be relatively high, from 40% to 60%, if the stocking rates are high. The three stocking densities (0.025, 0.035 and 0.045 million ha-1) for mud crab used in the study were within the range recommended by Trino, et al. [33]. In this study, the survival was lower due to highly cannibalistic character of mud crab and long culture period, which agreed by Trino, et al. [33]. The pen in three treatments had a firm and muddy bottom with pieces of plastic pipe and grass. In this study, plastic pipe and grass of juvenile culture acted as crab shelter, minimizing mortality and loss of stock due to cannibalism [29]. Fielder, et al, [34] indicated that the application of crab shelter increased survival by minimizing antagonistic encounters. Growth in terms of length, weight, weight gain and SGR of juvenile of genera Scylla was significantly higher in T1 where the stocking density was low compared to those of T2 and T3 although same food was supplied in all the treatments at an equal ratio. The low growth rate genera Scylla in treatment T2 and T3 appeared to be related with higher densities and increased competition for food and space and an inverse relationship with in the stocking density provided that space-limiting effects operate on the population [7, 2, 35]. In this experiment, at higher stocking densities, presence of abundant food substances could produce a comparative interaction among the population causing a stressful situation [36]. This experiment has shown that the crabs were able to grow in the pen, as indicated by the increase in SGR values in three treatments. Similar growth rates is recorded by Bensam [37] who found increase in weight ranging from 2.3 times to 3.5 times in a period of 3 months of culture. The lower FCR value in the present study indicates better food utilization efficiency, despite the values increased with increasing stocking densities. Significantly higher survival was noted in treatment T1, where, the stocking density was lower than T2 and T3. The reason for reduced survival rate in these treatments was due to higher stocking density of juvenile as well as competition for food and space in the experimental ponds [37]. In the present study, a significant lower number of juvenile was stocked in treatment T1 with 0.025 million juveniles.ha-1 than those of from the treatment T2 and T3 stocked with 0.035 and 0.045 million juveniles.ha-1, respectively. Despite this, consistently higher net benefits were obtained from ponds stocked with 0.025million juveniles.ha-1 than those from the treatment T2 and T3. The higher market price of the mud crab (suitable for stocking in grow-out ponds) produced in ponds with 0.30 million juvenile.ha-1, substantially increased the net benefit compared to smaller fingerlings that produced in other treatments with higher stocking densities [37]. Overall, highest growth, survival and benefits of juvenile culture were recorded at a density of 0.025 million juvenile.ha-1. The mangrove crab is omnivorous and feeds on raw crushed fish, crustaceans, bivalves, molluscs, penaeids and detrital matter. The application of trash fish as feed, the presence of naturally occurring food and muddy nature favored the growth of juvenile of mud crab [38]. Growth of juvenile to a greater extent depended on the quality of food available. In the present investigation, the amount of trash fish given in different treatments was based on the number of juveniles stocked and amount of feed provided per individual was kept at the same level. Hence, the observed low growth at higher stocking densities could be due to less availability of canabolism character and some variations in environmental parameters [3]. The results in the present experiment were very similar to those of Escritor, Samonto and Agbayani, Mwaluma, and Bensam [32, 4, 38, 37]. About two species of mud crab Scylla serrata and Scylla olivacea were identified [19]. The percentage of S. serrata was found 44.82, 29.40 and 26.77% which was comparatively lower than S. olivacea. Total production of S. serrata was recorded 2343.74, 1391.47 and 1038.46 kg which were also comparatively lower than S. olivacea. This was due to poor wild stock of S. serrata in the coastal area. Finally, it can be concluded that the survival, growth, production of mud crab genera Scylla juvenile were inversely related to the stocking densities of juveniles. Stocking density of 0.025 million juvenile.ha-1 may be advisable for rearing of mud crab juvenile for 135 days culture period. Production of adequate quality and quantity mud crab through application of present findings might be extremely helpful towards the protection of mud crab from extinction as well as for its conservation and rehabilitation.

Acknowledgements

The author wish to thank Project Director, Culture of cuchia and crab in the selected area of Bangladesh and Research Project, Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh who helps for successfully conducting the experiments with financial support.

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@article{chakraborty2018,
  title   = {Effect of Stocking Density on Survival, Growth and Production of Mud Crab Juvenile by Pen Culture System of Bangladesh},
  author  = {Chakraborty BK},
  journal = {International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture},
  year    = {2018},
  volume  = {2},
  number  = {4},
  doi     = {10.23880/ijoac-16000143}
}
Chakraborty BK (2018). Effect of Stocking Density on Survival, Growth and Production of Mud Crab Juvenile by Pen Culture System of Bangladesh. International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.23880/ijoac-16000143
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effect of Stocking Density on Survival, Growth and Production of Mud Crab Juvenile by Pen Culture System of Bangladesh
AU  - Chakraborty BK
JO  - International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture
PY  - 2018
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
DO  - 10.23880/ijoac-16000143
ER  -