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Medicinal & Analytical Chemistry International Journal Research Article 1 min read

Ion Beam Therapy

Sabin JR*
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2639-2534  10.23880/macij-16000107  Received: November 16, 2017  Published: December 15, 2017
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 9 references
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Keywords
X-ray Treatments for Cancer Tumor
Abstract

Of the various treatments for cancer, one of the most used over recent years has been radiation. Originally, the radiation used was x-rays as its properties, both physical and medical, have been well known for many years. The treatment is due to deposition of x-ray beam energy into the molecules in the tumor, destroying them and thus killing the tumor.

**References**

1. (1981) More detailed presentations of stopping may be found in Bonderup E, "Penetration of Charged Particles through Matter," Fysik Institutes trykkeri, Århus Universitet, 2nd (edn), Århus.

2. Bragg WH, Kleeman R (1905) On the Alpha Particles of Radium and Their Loss of Range on Passing through Various Atoms and Molecules. Philos Mag 10(57): 318-340.

3. Sabin JR (2013) "On the Calculation of Biomolecular Mean Excitation Energies". J Phys Chem Biophys 3: 1 e110.

4. Sabin JR (2015) "Stopping Power of Biological Systems". J Phys Chem Biophys 5: 2, e125.

5. Jensen PWK, Sauer SPA, Oddershede J, Sabin JR (2017) "Mean Excitation Energies for Molecular Ions" Nucl Instr Meth B 394, 73.

6. cf. e.g. Sauer SPA, Oddershede J, Sabin JR (2011) "Mean Excitation Energies for Biomolecules: Glycine to DNA," Adv. Quantum Chem 62: 215-243.

7. Moribayashi K (2016) "Simulation Study of Radial Dose due to the Irradiation of a Swift Ion Aiming to Advance the Treatment Planning System for Heave Particle Cancer Therapy

8. (2015) The Effect of Emission Angles of Secondary Electrons," Nucl Instur Meth 365, 592

9. Story M, Pompos A, Timmerman R "On the Value of Carbon-Ion Therapy," Phys. Today 69(11): 14.

Figure 1: Energy deposited vs. depth of X-rays penetrating tissue. More recently, baryon beams, most frequently protons, have been used for tumor treatment, again by depositing beam energy into molecules in a tumor. As in Figure 1 & 2 presents the radiation dose plotted as a function of depth in tissue, but this time for a proton beam. As in the case of x-rays, the location of the peak, known as the Bragg peak, depends on the energy of the beam, that is, the velocity of the protons. As can be seen, when the proton velocity is selected so that the Bragg peak is located on the tumor, there is much less damage to surrounding tissue that for an x-ray beam.
Click to enlarge
Figure 1: Energy deposited vs. depth of X-rays penetrating tissue. More recently, baryon beams, most frequently protons, have been used for tumor treatment, again by depositing beam energy into molecules in a tumor. As in Figure 1 & 2 presents the radiation dose plotted as a function of depth in tissue, but this time for a proton beam. As in the case of x-rays, the location of the peak, known as the Bragg peak, depends on the energy of the beam, that is, the velocity of the protons. As can be seen, when the proton velocity is selected so that the Bragg peak is located on the tumor, there is much less damage to surrounding tissue that for an x-ray beam.
Figure 2: Energy deposited vs. depth of swift protons penetrating tissue. As tumor therapy depends on destruction of molecules in the tumor, the next question to be considered concerns how much beam energy can be transferred to a particular molecule in the tumor, such energy transfer will be a sum of energy transfer from a single beam particle to a molecule. Knowing the target system’s density (n) and particle velocity (v), the beam particle energy loss can be determined:
Click to enlarge
Figure 2: Energy deposited vs. depth of swift protons penetrating tissue. As tumor therapy depends on destruction of molecules in the tumor, the next question to be considered concerns how much beam energy can be transferred to a particular molecule in the tumor, such energy transfer will be a sum of energy transfer from a single beam particle to a molecule. Knowing the target system’s density (n) and particle velocity (v), the beam particle energy loss can be determined:

References

  1. (1981) More detailed presentations of stopping may be found in Bonderup E, "Penetration of Charged Particles through Matter," Fysik Institutes trykkeri, Århus Universitet, 2nd (edn), Århus.
  2. Bragg WH, Kleeman R (1905) On the Alpha Particles of Radium and Their Loss of Range on Passing through Various Atoms and Molecules. Philos Mag 10(57): 318-340.
  3. Sabin JR (2013) "On the Calculation of Biomolecular Mean Excitation Energies". J Phys Chem Biophys 3: 1 e110.
  4. Sabin JR (2015) "Stopping Power of Biological Systems". J Phys Chem Biophys 5: 2, e125.
  5. Jensen PWK, Sauer SPA, Oddershede J, Sabin JR (2017) "Mean Excitation Energies for Molecular Ions" Nucl Instr Meth B 394, 73.
  6. cf. e.g. Sauer SPA, Oddershede J, Sabin JR (2011) "Mean Excitation Energies for Biomolecules: Glycine to DNA," Adv. Quantum Chem 62: 215-243.
  7. Moribayashi K (2016) "Simulation Study of Radial Dose due to the Irradiation of a Swift Ion Aiming to Advance the Treatment Planning System for Heave Particle Cancer Therapy
  8. (2015) The Effect of Emission Angles of Secondary Electrons," Nucl Instur Meth 365, 592
  9. Story M, Pompos A, Timmerman R "On the Value of Carbon-Ion Therapy," Phys. Today 69(11): 14.
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@article{sabin2017,
  title   = {Ion Beam Therapy},
  author  = {Sabin JR},
  journal = {Medicinal & Analytical Chemistry International Journal},
  year    = {2017},
  volume  = {1},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.23880/macij-16000107}
}
Sabin JR (2017). Ion Beam Therapy. Medicinal & Analytical Chemistry International Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.23880/macij-16000107
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ion Beam Therapy
AU  - Sabin JR
JO  - Medicinal & Analytical Chemistry International Journal
PY  - 2017
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.23880/macij-16000107
ER  -