Fluorescent Study of Albumin Alterations in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The structural/functional properties of albumin play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus). In different pathologies membrane damage in immune cells and blood plasma albumin involves as a consequence of alterations in a immune state of patients.
Editorial
The structural/functional properties of albumin play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus). In different pathologies membrane damage in immune cells and blood plasma albumin involves as a consequence of alterations in a immune state of patients. It is now widely accepted that the dynamics of these changes, along with the types of alterations in structures of the immune system cells and plasma proteins play a critical role in the maintenance of the immune status of any given organism. As a result of the importance of changes in the structural integrity of cells of the immune system, it is important for clinicians to receive information on the immunological status of organism via quick, reliable, reproducible methods. In this regard, fluorescent probes have shown to be excellent tools for use in such protocols. Such an analysis has a great potential for not only for helping to comprehend mechanisms of immune modulation associated with the induction/progression of pathologies, but might serve as a very important prognostic indicator of long- term survival among patients with pathologies. The probe ABM developed at Daugavpils University (Latvia) has been shown as a potential biomarker for the immune state of patients in patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy donors [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. The following parameters were examined and compared:
- The spectral characteristics of ABM in blood plazma
- “Effective” and total albumin concentration in blood plazma
- Quantitative parameters of albumin auto fluorescence, characterizing tryptophanyl region of molecule and advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
The emission maximum of ABM for healthy donors is 650 nm. The fluorescence zone in diabetics is shifted by 32-48 nm (603-618 nm) to a short wave region of spectra and fluorescence intensity decreases by 14%-42% as compared to mean control value. Qualitatively different albumin binding sites characteristics were obtained in diabetics, Chernobyl clean-up workers with diabetes mellitus and healthy donors differing in affinity, quantum yield, and degrees of polarization (dehydration of tryptophanyl region), effective albumin concentrations etc. The levels of pathological and pharmacological metabolites balance differs in patients comparable to controls and hence their correlation to seizures patophysiology and their degree. In human plasma albumin auto fluorescence is dominating by tryptophanyl (ex/em 286/330 nm). In diabetics the fluorescence spectra have two maxima:
References
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KalninaI, Kirilova E, Bruvere R (2013) Fluorescent Biomarker ABM. Lambert Academic Publishing.
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Kirilova E, Kalnina I, Zvagule T, Gabruseva N, Kurjane N, et al. (2011) Fluorescent Study of Human Blood Plasma Albumin Alterations Induced by Ionizing Radiation. J Fluoresc 21(3): 923-927.
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Kalnina I, Kirilova E, Zvagule T, Kurjane N, Skesters A, et al. (2013) Radiation –modified albumiņ in type 2 diabetic patients. J Exp Integr Med 3(1): 3-7.
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Kalnina I, Kirilova E, Zvagule T, Kurjane N, Skesters A, et al. (2013) Characteristics of albumiņ binding sites in patients and Chernobyl clean-up workers with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Exp Integr Med 3(3): 185-190.
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Zvagule T, Kalnina I, Skesters A, Kurjane N, Bruvere R, et al. (2010) Long term effects of low doses of ionizing radiation on Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia. Int J Low Radiation 7(1): 20-31.
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