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Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders Research Article 14 min read

Osteoporosis Research in India: A Scientometric Assessment of Publications Output During 2007-16

Gupta BM, Mueen Ahmad KK and Ritu G*
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2577-297X  10.23880/jobd-16000145  Received: November 11 , 2017  Published: December 14, 2017
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Keywords
Osteoporosis research Indian publications scientometric bibliometrics
Abstract

The paper examines 1001 Indian publications on osteoporosis research, as covered in Scopus database during 2007-16, registering an annual average growth rate of 12.50%, qualitative citation impact averaged to 1097 citations per paper and international collaborative publication share of 12.59%. The top 17 most productive countries individually contributed global share from 1.80% to 26.97%, with largest global publication share coming from USA (26.97%), followed by U.K. (8.43%), China and Germany (6.72% and 6.23%), etc. Together, the 17 most productive countries accounted for 91.46% share of global publication output during 2007-16. Medicine, among subjects, accounted for the highest publications share (70.23%), followed by biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (26.37%) and pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (23.88%) during 2007-16. The top 15 most productive organizations and authors together contributed 38.26% and 27.17% respectively as their share of global publication output and 43.01% and 51.07% respectively as their share of global citation output during 2007-16. Among the total journal output of 976 papers, the top 15 journals contributed 26.23% share to the Indian journal output during 2007-16.

Introduction

Osteopenia and osteoporosis (“porous bone”) are both terms which help to define the disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. This leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture (broken bones), particularly of the hip, spine, wrist and shoulder. Osteoporosis is often known as “the silent thief” because bone loss occurs without symptoms [1].

Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a bone mineral density that is 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass (average of young, healthy adults) as measured by DXA; the term “established osteoporosis” includes the presence of a fragility fracture. The disease may be classified as primary type 1, primary type 2, or secondary. The form of osteoporosis most common in women after menopause is referred to as primary type 1 or postmenopausal osteoporosis. Primary type 2 osteoporosis or senile osteoporosis occurs after age 75 and is seen in both females and males at a ratio of 2:1. Finally, secondary osteoporosis may arise at any age and affects men and women equally. This form of osteoporosis results from chronic predisposing medical problems or disease [2]. Each year, there are an estimated 500,000 spinal fractures, 300,000 hip fractures, 200,000 broken wrists, and 300,000 fractures of other bones. About 80% of these fractures occur from relatively minor falls or accidents. Between 25% and 60% of women over 60 years of age develop spinal compression fractures. A woman’s risk of developing an osteoporosis-related hip fracture is equal to her combined risk of developing breast uterine and ovarian cancer. By age 90, one third of all women and 17% of men have sustained a hip fracture [3]. Every 3 seconds, someone somewhere in the world suffers an osteoporotic fracture. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), this translates to 8.9 million fractures annually. In 2013, an estimated 50 million Indians had osteoporosis or low bone mass. Indians tend to develop hip fractures 10 years before people in Western nations. The risk of osteoporosis increases with age and given the steady increase in life expectancy to 77 years, an estimated 315 million Indians will be over 60 years old by the year 2050.This means that the number of people with osteoporosis and other age-related diseases will rise to unacceptably high levels in India [4].

Literature Review

Only a few studies have been published in this field. Among studies carried output, Bharadwaj and Ram [5] examined 921 publications on osteoporosis during 1973- 2012, as covered in Scopus database. It examined the growth of literature collaborative research pattern, identifies most productive institutions and authors and prepared a core list of journals in the field from the Indian data. Sweileh, Al-Zabi, Zyoud etc. [6] analyzed the research output (426) originating from Arab countries and 3 Middle Eastern non-Arab countries, particularly Israel, Turkey and Iran in the field of osteoporosis upto the year 2012. A total of 426 documents about “osteoporosis” were published from Arab countries which represents 0.98% of the global research output. Research about osteoporosis from Arab countries was very low until 2002 and then increased steadily. The total number of citations for osteoporosis documents from the Arab world was 5551 with an average citation of 13.03 per document and an h- index of 35. Thirty (7.04%) documents published from Arab countries about osteoporosis were published in Saudi Medical Journal. Egypt, with a total publication of 117 (27.47%) ranked first among the Arab countries in research about osteoporosis while American University in Beirut was the most productive institution with a total of 47 (11.03%) documents. Compared with other non-Arab countries in the Middle East, the research productivity from the Arab countries was lesser than that from Turkey and Israel but higher than that from Iran. Biglu, Ghavami and Biglu [7] examined 2,056 papers with "postmenopausal osteoporosis", as were indexed in SCI-E between 2001 and 2011. The annual number of publications increased during the study period. The majority of publications came from Western Europe and North America. The number of papers published by authors based in Western Europe was about 75% greater than for North America. More papers on postmenopausal osteoporosis were published in Western Europe than in North America. The networks of co-authorship pointed to the strategic positions of highly cited authors from Western Europe. The top eight authors contributing the majority of papers were from Western Europe. Consequently Western Europe had greater impact than North America.

Objectives

The main objectives of the present study are to study the performance of Indian osteoporosis research during 2007-16, using on publications data indexed in Scopus database. In particular, the study focuses on the following objectives: (i) To study the growth of Indian research output in osteoporosis research, its global share and its citation impact; (ii) To study the share of international collaboration publications in its India’s output and significant contribution of foreign partner countries; (iii) To study the Indian research output by broad subject areas and the dynamics of its growth and decline; (iv) To study the publication productivity and citation impact of top 15 Indian most productive organizations and authors; and (vi) To study the modes of communication by Indian scholars.

Methodology

Thee osteoporosis research publications landscape from 2007 through 2016 were identified using the Scopus database (http://www.scopus.com). An keyword search was used to identify publications that contained the terms “osteoporosis” in the ”Article title tag” or ‘’keyword tags” and restricting it to the period 2007-16 in “date range tag” was used for searching the global and Indian publication data and this become the main search string. The search has resulted into 47785 global and 1001 Indian publications on osteoporosis research during 2007-16.

When the main search string for India publications, using various analytical provisions in Scopus database, was restricted to “subject area tag”, “country tag”, “source title tag”, “journal title name” and “affiliation tag”, we were able to get information on distribution of publications by subject, collaborating countries, author-wise, organization-wise and journal-wise, etc. For citation data, citations to publications were also collected from date of publication till 10 July 2017. (KEY (osteoporosis) OR TITLE (osteoporosis)) AND PUBYEAR > 2006 AND PUBYEAR < 2017 (KEY (osteoporosis) OR TITLE (osteoporosis)) AND PUBYEAR > 2006 AND PUBYEAR < 2017 AND (LIMIT-TO (AFFILCOUNTRY,"India") )

Analysis

The total research output of India in osteoporosis research consisted of cumulated to 1001 publications in 10 years during 2007-16, using a Scopus database. The annual output of India in osteoporosis research increased from 40 in the year 2007 to 89 publications in the year 2016, registering 12.50% growth per annum. The cumulative Indian output in osteoporosis research computing in 5 years increased from 395 during 2007-11 to 606 during 2012-16, registering growth rate of 53.41%. India is ranked at 17th position in global output and its global publication share in osteoporosis research was 2.09% during 2007-16, which increased from 1.61% to 2.60% from 2007-11 to 2012-16. Of the total global publications output, 64.24% (643) was published articles, 21.68% (217) as reviews, 4.70% (47) as letters, 3.50% (35) as conference papers, 2.80% (28) as editorials, 1.8% (18) as notes and the rest as articles in press (7), erratum’s (3), short surveys (2) and book chapter (1). The citation impact of Indian publications on osteoporosis research averaged to 10.97 citations per publication (CPP) during 2007-16; five-yearly impact averaged to 19.61CPP for the period 2007-11 which declined to 5.33CPP in the succeeding five-year 2012-16 (Table 1).

WorldIndia
TPTPTCCPP%TPICP%ICP
200747254049612.40.8525
2008481362199232.131.291016.13
2009482476204826.951.581013.16
2010498191151016.591.831516.48
20115168126170113.52.441612.7
201251371309657.422.53129.23
2013527915813878.782.992113.29
201448551115104.592.291412.61
201545581183122.642.591613.56
2016344589590.662.581011.24
2007-1124511395774719.611.615313.42
2012-162327460632335.332.67312.05
2007-164778510011098010.972.0912612.59
TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; CPP=Citations Per Paper

Table 1: India Research Output in Osteoporosis Research during 2007-16.

International Collaboration

India’s share of internationally collaborative papers (ICP) in osteoporosis research was 12.59% during 2007- 16, which decreased from 13.42% to 12.05% from 2007- 11 to 2012-16. Among the leading countries contributing to internationally collaborative papers, USA topped the list with 47.62% share, followed by U.K. (19.84%), Australia and Canada (14.29% each), Switzerland (12.10%), Germany (11.11%), Japan (8.73%), etc. India’s international collaborative publications share increased by 8.38% in Australia, 2.04% in Japan, 1.68% in U.K as against decrease by 12.35% in Belgium, 12.25% in USA, 11.16% in Canada, 8.58% in Lebanon, 3.95% in Netherlands, 0.88% in Switzerland and 0.36% in Germany from 2007-11 to 2012-16 (Table 2).

CollaborativeNumber of PapersShare of Papers
S.No
Country2007-112012-162007-162007-112012-162007-16
1USA29316054.7242.4747.62
2U.K.10152518.8720.5519.84
3Australia513189.4317.8114.29
4Canada1171820.759.5914.29
5Switzerland791613.2112.3312.7
6Germany681411.3210.9611.11
7Japan47117.559.598.73
8Belgium821015.092.747.94
9Netherlands5499.435.487.14
10Lebanon62811.322.746.35
Indian Total5373126100100100

global publication share during 2007-11 which increased to94.07% during succeeding 5-year period 2012-16. Each of top 17 countries accounted for 1.80% to 26.97% global publication share during 2007-16, with USA accounting for the highest publication share (26.97%), followed by U.K (8.43%), China and Germany (6.72% and 6.23%), Italy (5.46%), etc. The global publication share in five years increased in China, South Korea, India, Italy, Japan, Brazil, Canada, Australia, Turkey, Netherlands, Spain and Switzerland , but decreased in Belgium, U.K., France, Germany and USA from 2007-11 to 2012-16.

Top 17 Most Productive Countries in Osteoporosis Research

The Indian research output in the field osteoporosis research had originated from as many as 59 countries in the world during 2007-16. Top 17 most productive countries in osteoporosis research had contributed 858 to 12890 publications each during 2007-16 (Table 3). Top 17 most productive countries in osteoporosis research accounted for 91.46% global publication share during 2007-16. Their five-yearly output accounted for 88.97%

Number of PapersShare of Papers
S.NoName of the Country
2007-112012-162007-162007-112012-162007-16
1USA705358371289028.7725.0826.97
2U.K.2122190740298.668.198.43
3China1061215132124.339.246.72
4Germany1608137129796.565.896.23
5Italy1238136926075.055.885.46
6Canada1142114822904.664.934.79
7Japan1052112821804.294.854.56
8France109890420024.483.884.19
9Australia91993118503.7543.87
10Spain92989618253.793.853.82
11Switzerland66163312942.72.722.71
12Netherlands63462912632.592.72.64
13Turkey59962412232.442.682.56
14South Korea36183011911.473.572.49
15Belgium55945010092.281.932.11
16India39560610011.612.62.09
17Brazil3774818581.542.071.8
Total21808218954370388.9794.0791.46
World245112327447785100100100
Share of 17 Countries in World Total88.9794.0791.46

Table 3: Subject-Wise Breakup of Global Publications in Osteoporosis Research in India during 2007-16.

activity index of a given subject is taken as 100), witnessed increase in biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (from 80.63 to 112.62) and pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (from 92.25 to 105.05), as against decline of research activity in medicine (from 103.46 to 97.75 from 2007-11 to 2012-16. Medicine, among three subjects registered the highest citation impact per paper (11.74), followed by biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (11.47) and pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (8.13) during 2007-16, (Table 4).

Subject-Wise Distribution of Research Output

The Indian osteoporosis research output published during 2007-16 is distributed across three sub-fields (as identified in Scopus database classification), with medicine accounting for the highest publications share (70.23%), followed by biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (26.37%) and pharmacology, toxicology &pharmaceutics (23.88%) during 2007-16. The activity index, which computes change in research activity in a discipline over time 2007-11 to 2012-16 (world average

Number of Papers (TP)Activity IndexTCCPP%TP
S.NoSubject*
2007-112012-162007-162007-112012-162007-162007-162007-16
1Medicine287416703103.4697.75825211.7470.23
2Biochemistry, Genetics &
Molecular Biology		8418026480.63112.62302911.4726.37
3Pharmacology, Toxicology &
Pharmaceutics		8715223992.25105.0519438.1323.88
Total Indian Output3956061001100100
There is overlapping of literature covered under various subjects
TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; CPP=Citations Per Paper

Table 4: Subject-Wise Breakup of Global Publications in Osteoporosis Research in India during 2007-16.

Profile of Top 15 Most Productive Indian Organizations

In Indian osteoporosis research, the productivity of 15 most productive organizations varied from 14 to 63 publications and together they contributed 38.26% (383) publication share and 43.01% (4722) citation share to its cumulative publications output during 2007-16. The scientometric profile of these 15 organizations is presented in Table 4. Four of these organizations registered publications output greater than the group average of 25.53: Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (63 papers), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (61 papers), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh (36 papers) and Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (29 papers) during 2007-16. Five organizations registered impact above the group average of 12.33 citations per publication during 2007- 16:Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi (47.30), Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (17.81), Christian Medical College, Vellore (17.79), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore(17.65) and Kind Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai (17.33) during 2007-16. Six organizations registered h-index above the group average of 7.47: Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (20), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (12), Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi (8), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Kind Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai and Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (8 each) during 2007-16. Seven organizations contributed international collaborative publications share above the group average of 12.53%: Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi (40.0%), Manipal University (22.22%), Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi (21.74%), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal (21.43%), CSM Medical University, Lucknow (21.43%), Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi (14.29%) and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (13.11%) during 2007-16. Five organizations registered the relative citation index above the group average (1.12) of all organizations: Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi (4.31), Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (1.62), Christian Medical College, Vellore (1.62), and Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (1.61) and Kind Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai (1.58) during 2007- 16.

S.NoName of the OrganizationTPTCCPPHIICP%ICPRCI
1Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow63112217.812046.351.62
2All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi614807.8712813.110.72
3Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh361654.58712.780.42
4Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow291515.218310.340.47
5Christian Medical College, Vellore2442717.79628.331.62
6SRM University, Chennai23421.83328.70.17
7Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi23108847.38521.744.31
8Manipal University181096.066422.220.55
9Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi171076.297211.760.57
10Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore1730017.658211.761.61
11Kind Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai1526017.33816.671.58
12Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi1517711.856401.08
13Kasturba Medical College, Manipal141148.146321.430.74
14CSM Medical University, Lucknow141047.434321.430.68
15Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi14765.434214.290.49
Total of 15 organizations383472212.337.474812.531.12
Total of India10011098010.97
Share of top 15 organizations in India total output38.2643.01
TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; CPP=Citations Per Paper; HI=h-index; ICP=International Collaborative Papers;
RCI=Relative Citation Index

Profile of Top 15 Most Productive Authors

In Indian osteoporosis research, the productivity of 15 most productive top 15 most productive authors varied from 12 to 33 publications. Together they contributed 27.17% (272) global publication share and 51.07% (5607) citation share during 2007-16. The scientometric profile of these 15 authors is presented in Table 5. Six authors registered publications output above the group average of 6.13: N. Chattopadhyay (33 papers), R. Trivedi (31 papers), A. Mithal (25 papers), R. Maurya and D. Singh (23 papers each) and M. Anburajan (19 papers) during S.No Name of the Author Affiliation of the Author TP TC CPP HI ICP %ICP RCI

1 N. Chattopadhyay Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 33 712 21.58 18 3 9.09 1.97

2 R. Trivedi Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 31 551 17.77 14 1 3.23 1.62

3 A. Mithal Indraprashta Apollo Hospital, Delhi 25 1389 55.56 13 16 64 5.06

4 R. Maurya Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 23 437 19 14 2 8.7 1.73

5 D. Singh Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 23 398 17.3 12 0 0 1.58

6 M. Anburajan SRM University, Chennai 19 39 2.05 3 2 10.53 0.19

7 D.K. Khajuria AL-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore 15 131 8.73 8 0 0 0.8

8 P. Kushwaha Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 14 199 14.21 9 0 0 1.3

9 J. Gautam Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 13 198 15.23 9 0 0 1.39

10 V. Khedgikar Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 13 210 16.15 10 0 0 1.47

11G.K. NagarCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow1322317.1510001.56
12K. SharanCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow1333425.691117.692.34
13G. SwarnkarCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow1339430.3112215.382.76
14A. KumarCentral Drug Research Institute, Lucknow1226321.921018.332
15R. RazdanAL-Ameen College of Pharmacy , Bangalore1212910.758000.98
Total of 15 authors272560720.6110.732810.291.88
Total of India10011098010.97
Share of top 15 authors in Indian total output27.1751.07
TP=Total Papers; TC=Total Citations; CPP=Citations Per Paper; HI=h-index; ICP=International Collaborative Papers;
RCI=Relative Citation Index

Table 7: Scientometric Profile of Top 15 Most Productive Authors in Osteoporosis Research in India during 2007-16.

Medium of Communication

Of the total Indian publications output in osteoporosis research, 97.50% (976) appeared in journals. The top 15 most productive journals accounted for 10 to 41 papers each in osteoporosis research and together accounted for 26.23% share (255 papers) of total journal publication output during 2007-16. The publication share of these top 15 most productive journals increased from22.28% to

28.64% between 2007-11 and 2012-16. The top most productive journal (with 26 papers) was Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, followed by Osteoporosis International (26 papers), International Journal of Pharma& Bio Sciences (24 papers), Indian Journal of Medical Science and Indian Journal of Rheumatology (19 papers each), etc. during 2007-16.

Number of Papers
S.NoName of the Journal
2007-112012-162007-16
1Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research63541
2Osteoporosis International121426
3International Journal of Pharma& Bio Sciences61824
4Indian Journal of Medical Science91019
5Indian Journal of Rheumatology13619
6Archives of Osteoporosis41216
7BMJ Case Reports01616
8Indian Journal of Pharma Sciences Research and
Review		7815
9Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological &
Chemical Sciences		21214
10Indian Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical
Science		11112
11Journal of International Medical Science Academy7512
12JK Science7411
13Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical & Clinical Research6410
14Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry6410
15Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism01010
Total of 15 journals86169255
Total India journal output386590976
Share of top 15 journals in Indian journal output22.2828.6426.13

Table 8: Top 15 Most Productive Journals in Osteoporosis Research in India during 2007-16.

Summary & Conclusion

Summary

India had produced 1001 publications on osteoporosis research as indexed in Scopus database in 10 years during 2007-16. These publications increased from 40 to 89 from the year 2007 to year 2016, registering 12.50% annual growth. India’s global publications share on osteoporosis research was 2.09% during 2007-16, which increased from 1.61% to 2.60% from 2007-11 to 2012-16. India’s citation impact on osteoporosis research averaged to 10.97 citations per publication during 2007-16, which dropped from 19.61 to 5.33 from 2007-11 to 2012-16. The share of international collaborative papers of India in its research output on osteoporosis research was 12.59% during 2007-16, which decreased from 13.42% to 12.05% from 2007-11 to 2012-16. Medicine, among subjects, accounted for the highest publications share (70.23%), followed by biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (26.37%) and pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (23.88%) during 2007-16. The top 15 most productive organizations and authors together contributed 38.26% and 27.17% respectively as their share of global publication output and 43.01% and 51.07% respectively as their share of global citation output during 2007-16. The leading most productive Indian organizations contributing to osteoporosis research were Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (with 63 papers), followed All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi(61 papers), Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh (36 papers) and Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (29 papers) during 2007-16. The leading Indian organizations with comparatively higher citation impact per paper were Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi (47.30), Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (17.81), Christian Medical College, Vellore (17.79), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore(17.65) and Kind Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai (17.33) during 2007-16. The leading most productive authors contributing to Indian osteoporosis research were N. Chattopadhyay (with 33 papers), followed by R. Trivedi (31 papers), A. Mithal (25 papers), R. Maurya and D. Singh (23 papers each) and M. Anburajan (19 papers) during 2007-16. The leading Indian authors with comparatively higher citation impact per paper were A. Mithal (55.56), G. Swarnkar(30.31), K. Sharan (25.69), A. Kumar(21.92) and N. Chattopadhyay (21.58) during 2007-16.

Of the 976 journal publications from India on osteoporosis, the top 15 most productive journals accounted for 26.23% share of total Indian journal publication output during 2007-16, which increased from 22.28% to 28.64% between 2007-11 and 2012-16. The top most productive journal was Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research (26 papers), followed by Osteoporosis International (26 papers), International Journal of Pharma& Bio Sciences (24 papers), Indian Journal of Medical Science and Indian Journal of Rheumatology (19 papers each), etc. during 2007-16.

Conclusions

Conclude that the risk of osteoporosis increases with age and given the steady increase in life expectancy to 77 years, an estimated 315 million Indians will be over 60 years old by the year 2050. This means that the number of people with osteoporosis and other age-related diseases will rise to unacceptably high levels in India. It is therefore is the right time to carefully consider and create the framework for managing this situation now and at the same time we need to take the necessary steps to create awareness and provide preventive support among public and healthcare professionals as well. According to one survey of Indian orthopaedic surgeons, most believe that fewer than 20% of patients with osteoporosis in India are actually diagnosed and treated for the condition; as a result there is a need to cover at least 75% of the total cases. At the undergraduate level, most aspiring medical students in our country receive inadequate osteoporosis- related education. Most of the screening and diagnostic centres at present are in urban areas and largely inaccessible to 70% of the population that lives in rural areas. Comprehensive management requires a full team of experts comprising a doctor, nurse, dietician, occupational therapist and physiotherapist. Most clinics in India however are not equipped with multi-specialty capabilities. Additionally, many patients drop-out from treatment owing to the high long-term cost and lack of medical insurance. Biological and cultural factors also impact osteoporosis management in India. For instance, calcium and vitamin D are important for strong, healthy bones but over 80% of Indians have low vitamin D levels. In the last two decades, awareness about osteoporosis in India has increased. Professionals, healthcare providers and industry have established associations to improve awareness and research. Better awareness is also linked to better compliance. If the younger family members are more aware about osteoporosis management, it can encourage compliance and follow-up among older patients in the family.

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@article{gupta2017,
  title   = {Osteoporosis Research in India: A Scientometric Assessment of Publications Output During 2007-16},
  author  = {Gupta BM, Mueen Ahmad KK and Ritu G},
  journal = {Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders},
  year    = {2017},
  volume  = {1},
  number  = {8},
  doi     = {10.23880/jobd-16000145}
}
Gupta BM, Mueen Ahmad KK and Ritu G (2017). Osteoporosis Research in India: A Scientometric Assessment of Publications Output During 2007-16. Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders, 1(8). https://doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000145
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Osteoporosis Research in India: A Scientometric Assessment of Publications Output During 2007-16
AU  - Gupta BM, Mueen Ahmad KK and Ritu G
JO  - Journal of Orthopedics & Bone Disorders
PY  - 2017
VL  - 1
IS  - 8
DO  - 10.23880/jobd-16000145
ER  -