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Pediatrics & Neonatal Biology Open Access Research Article 5 min read

Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University

Dormanesh B*, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Dadmanesh M and Saghi R
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2640-2726  10.23880/pnboa-16000130  Received: December 08, 2018  Published: December 26, 2018
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Keywords
Staphylococcus aureus Nasal carrier Children
Abstract

Background: Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is common and one of the common sites (20-30%) is in the nose. On the other hand, it is a known cause for wide range of infectious disease. In current study, we evaluated the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in the nostril of kids, in2 groups, first whose mothers were working in a hospital and second whose mothers were on other jobs in the kindergartens at the AJA University in 2018. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all children aged 1-6 years were included. The demographic information was collected and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified from nasal swabs via standard microbiologic methods. Result: In this study, 120 children were examined. The mean age of these children was 4.03 ± 1.04 years. Male: female ratio was 1.18:1. 76 (63 %) mothers were hospital's staffs and 55% had direct contact with the patients. Nasal cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus in 24 (20%) samples, of which 4 (3.3%) were MRSA. there was no relation between age and sex of kids and also their mother jobs with positive results. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is still a common human pathogen with a considerable morbidity and mortality. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be seen in nasal carriers and it is important to consider hygiene and parents job when we have kids in a day care centre such as kindergartens.

Methods and Materials

In this cross-sectional study, 120 children aged (1 - 6 years old) were examined. They all were kept in the AJA Dormanesh B, et al. Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University. Pediatr Neonat biol 2018, 3(4): 000130.

University of medical sciences. The schoolmaster and also all kindergarten coaches were justified and our team explained them the reason of our search and also the procedure in details and wanted them to prepare parents. Because viral upper respiratory tract infections could affect in our results and since it was possible to make a positive and false response, we set a few certain days at regular intervals for our sampling and in all these days first we explained our procedure for the mothers and informed consents, although the kindergarten coaches had already justified them. The demographic information was collected by the help of their parents. Kids were grouped base on their class groups in the kindergarten and after completing the questionnaire form, we had an exact complete physical exam from them. If they did not have any certain infectious disease especially viral URT infections, nasal samples were taken from secretions of the anterior nasal mucosa of the nose with a sterile swab. Nasal samples were cultured at Salt agar mannitol at 37 °C, in hospital lab, isolated sample were cultured at Blood agar and at least antibiogram tests were done for staphylococcus growth and Methicillin responsiveness checked. After collecting data, the chi-square method was used for statistical analysis via SPSS version 21 software.

Results

120 children were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 4.03 ± 1.64 years. Of these, 65 (54.2%) were boys and 55 (56.8%) were girls. Male: Female ratio was found to be 1.18:1. One of our variables was parent’s job. Among mothers, 76 (63 %) were hospital's staffs (among them 55% had direct contact with the patients, 45% had indirect contacts such as working in pharmacy or secretary or any administrative jobs in hospital) and 59 (75%) of hospital staffs had worked there more than 3 months. On the other hand, other mothers were administrative officers 17 (14%), housewives 27(23%), likewise, their fathers’ jobs were asked, none of them had worked in hospitals. So just mother’s works was important. Only in 24 cases (20%), the cultures were positive and staphylococcus aureus grew and in 96 cases (80%) cultures were negative. Among the positive results,16 (66.7%) were hospital staffs (Table 1).

Copyright© Dormanesh B, et al.

Hospital StaffsNon-hospital workers
Positive S. aureus cultures
numberpercentagenumberpercentage
Methicillin resistant318.80%112.50%
Methicillin sensitive1381.20%787.50%
total16100%8100%
According to the Chi-square test [p value = 0.699 (>When we compared their age, 5 (10.2 %) of kids aged
0.05)], there was no significant relationship between the1-3 years and 19 (26.8%) of kids older than 3 years old
job of the mothers and the culture results, and also basedhad positive results. According to the Chi-square test [p
on to the Chi-square test [p value = 0.86 (> 0.05)], therevalue = 0.026 (< 0.05)], there was relationship between
was no significant relationship between the incidence ratethe age of kids and the culture results. Despite of this,
of positive methicillin resistance cultures and motherthere was no significant relationship between the kid’s
jobs.sex and the culture results (Table 2). [p value = 1 (> 0.05)]
Contact rateDirect contactIndirect contact
Culture resultsnumberpercentagenumberpercentage
Staphylococcus aureus1628.10%812.70%
negative4171.90%5587.30%
total57100%63100%
However, there was a significant relationship betweenother hand some them just work in the hospitals but don’t
the incidence rate of positive cultures and contact rate ofhave any direct contact with patients including pharmacy,
their mothers with patients. [p value = 0.036 (< 0.05)]secretary, labs and so on. On the other hand, we have
kidded whose mothers are housewives or just have an
Mothers asked for using antiseptics before returningadministrative job in the university. In our study, it was
their kids to home, although all of them said they did this,found there in no difference between these kids in terms
but their answer is doubtful, so we didn’t pay attention toof nasal carrier for Staphylococcus aureus. In a similar
it and it was just an educational confirmation.study Rahimi et al [12] and Jomehpour [13] also showed
there is a relation between kids age and prevalence of
positive staph. aureus cultures in the kindergartens. The
justification can be that, they are most gone in mothers’
arms and as a result closer contact.
There was no relationship between the kid’s sex and
prevalence of positive staph. aureus cultures in our study.
Tafaroji et al., [14] also showed this in the kindergarten
and an elementary school.
In our study, we found a positive relationship between
the incidence rate of Staphylococcus aureus growth and

Dormanesh B, et al. Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University. Pediatr Neonat biol 2018, 3(4): 000130.

Copyright© Dormanesh B, et al.

contact rate of mothers. Salman et al showed a similar result in Afghanistan’s hospital staffs [15]. Our suggestion for these mothers is simple preventive care such as washing hands before and after the patient's examination and also before returning their kids, prevent nose picking. Albeit literatures do not suggest routine use of topical intranasal mupirocin for nasal carriers, but it may be ideal and effective for some individuals such as patients undergoing dialysis, HIV-infected individuals or patients with surgical wounds [16]. So, we didn’t recommend it for our known cases. Funding Source: No external funding. Financial Disclosure: We don’t have any financial relationships relevant to this article. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare any conflict of interest to this article. Ethical Statement: The Ethics Committee of AJA University of medical sciences reviewed and approved this study (code: IR.AJAUMS.REC.1396.114).

References

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  15. Salman MK, Ashraf MS, Iftikhar S, Baig MAR (2018) Frequency of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among health care workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Pak J Med Sci 34(5): 1181-1184. Dormanesh B, et al. Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University. Pediatr Neonat biol 2018, 3(4): 000130.
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@article{dormanesh2018,
  title   = {Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in  Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other  Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University},
  author  = {Dormanesh B, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Dadmanesh M and Saghi R},
  journal = {Pediatrics & Neonatal Biology Open Access},
  year    = {2018},
  volume  = {3},
  number  = {4},
  doi     = {10.23880/pnboa-16000130}
}
Dormanesh B, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Dadmanesh M and Saghi R (2018). Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in  Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other  Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University. Pediatrics & Neonatal Biology Open Access, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.23880/pnboa-16000130
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Comparison of Incidence of Nasal Carriage of S Aureus in  Children of Parents with Hospitals Employees and Other  Jobs in Kindergartens in AJA University
AU  - Dormanesh B, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Dadmanesh M and Saghi R
JO  - Pediatrics & Neonatal Biology Open Access
PY  - 2018
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
DO  - 10.23880/pnboa-16000130
ER  -