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Open Access Journal of Botanical Insights Research Article 9 min read

Performance Evaluation of Elite Durum Wheat Genotypes for Yield and Stem Rust Response

Shewaye Ishetu Y*, Homa S, Batu W and Gemechu A
* Corresponding author
ISSN: 2997-0180  10.23880/oajbi-16000105  Received: September 18, 2023  Published: November 15, 2023
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Keywords
Durum Wheat Grain Yield Yield Related Traits Stem Rust Genotype
Abstract

Durum wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide and Ethiopia is the major producer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there is a huge gap between domestic production and demand in Ethiopia. Hence, getting high yielder with resistant for multiple races of rusts especially for stem rust became challenging. This could be due to limited availability of resistance to multiple stem rust races coupled with the rapid occurrence and spread of virulent races of stem rust. Hence, objective of this study is to identify high yielding and stem rust resistant genotypes and use them as parents in the breeding program and advance to national variety trial to select for wide adaptability. Sixty advanced genotypes were evaluated across three locations during 2020/21 cropping season. The trial was set up using row-column design in two replications. Data on grain yield, yield related traits and stem rust were collected. Stem rust was scored following the modified Cobb’s scale. Under high disease pressure the genotypes showed disease response and severity variations from RMR to S and from 5% to 100%, respectively indicating the presenece of variation for stem rust response. There were also genotypes which showed suceptable reaction and high grain yield and yield related traits. Hence, this may be due to minor gene resistance to stem rust. Generally, about 13 genotypes had good grian yield, thousand kernel weight and stem rust resistance. We can recommend these genotypes to test across country for their wide adaptability and as a parents for crossing.

Introduction

Durum wheat [1] is one of the most important crops worldwide with an annual production of 37 million tons. Ethiopia is the major durum wheat producer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with an acreage of 0.6 million ha. Durum wheat is known as an indigenous predominant tetraploid wheat species in Ethiopia and among the diversified crop species. It constitutes about 12% (7000 accessions) of the accessions in the Ethiopian national gene bank. Ethiopia is also known as a center of diversity for tetraploid wheat including durum wheat. Recent genetic analysis indicated that the country might actually represent a second center of origin for durum wheat. Apart from that, Ethiopia is among very few countries gifted with highly suitable environmental conditions to produce durum wheat and Ethiopian farmers have cultivated this crop for long years. This crop is traditionally grown by small-scale farmers on heavy black soils (vertisols) at altitudes ranging from 1800 to 2800 meters above sea level, mostly under rain-fed conditions until recently [1], but currently also started under irrigation condition. Durum wheat is considered as a potential crop by the government to supply for food industry and substitute wheat import. It is also one means of income diversification for the farmers [2]. In Ethiopia, durum wheat nearly accounts for 15–20% of wheat production and 30% of the whole acreage [3]. Hence, it contributes about 18 to 20% to the national wheat production [3]. Nowadays, irrigated wheat is expanding in Ethiopia and the production of durum wheat is expected to increase under irrigation. This may address the issue of limited domestic supply to the local food processors.

Durum wheat is primarily used for the processing of pasta, macaroni, pastni and couscous. In addition, it is used to make flour for leavened biscuits, cookies, biofuel, and for fermentation to make alcoholic beverages such as beer and liquors. Its stalk is a good source of animal feed and serves as a much for different agronomic practices in agriculture [3, 4].

The demand for durum wheat in the local industry is high due to urbanization driven need for pasta and related products. However, several biotic and abiotic factors challenge the production and quality of durum wheat like many other crops. Among the biotic factors, stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) [2] is becoming the most devastating disease. Hence, the development of high-yielding genotypes with resistance/ tolerance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses is critical. For identifying stable and best- performing genotypes multi-environmental trial is a key step [5]. The objective of this study was to identify high yielding genotypes with stem rust resistant and use them as parents in the breeding program and advance the best genotypes for national variety trails to test across location for wide adaptability.

Materials And Methods

Planting Material and Experimental Set Up

Sixty advanced durum wheat genotypes including the two checks, one newly released variety Alem tena as a standard and Quamy as a local check were evaluated across three moisture stress locations in Ethiopia during 2020/21 main cropping season. These locations are representing lowland agro-ecologies (Table 1). The experiment was laid out in row-column design with two replications. The total plot area was 3m2; each plot had six rows of 2.5 m length with 0.2 m inter-row spacing. The seed rate was 125 kg/ha. Planting time, fertilizer application and other agronomic practices were carried out as per the recommendation of each location.

LocationAltitudeGeographical positionRainfall (mm)Soil type/textureTemprature (0C)
latitudeLondtudeMinMax
Alem Tena161108030’N38095’E728Haplic andosolNANA
Dhera166008019’10”N39019’E680Andosol1427.8
Minjar181008055’N39045’E867Andosol1028

Table 1: Description of the study environments/locations.

Source KARC and DZARC NA = not available Table 1: Description of the study environments/locations.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data collections were done for grain yield, TKW, other yield related traits and stem rust disease. The disease data was collected at all locations by observing the severity on the stem surfaces of each genotype. Disease severity as a percentage of stem area covered with rust postule was assessed following the modified Cobb’s scale. The genotypes response to the infection in the field was assessed using “I” or immune (no uredinia on stem , pure green stem), ‘‘R’’ or resistant (small uredinia surrounded by chlorosis or necrosis); ‘‘MR’’ or moderately resistant (medium sized uredinia surrounded by chlorosis or necrosis); “M” (Intermediate; Moderately Resistant-to-moderately susceptible), (‘‘MS’’ or moderately susceptible (medium large, compatible uredinia without chlorosis and necrosis); MSS (Moderately susceptible to susceptible) and ‘‘S’’ or susceptible (large, compatible uredinia without chlorosis and necrosis). Thus, rust scores 10M means 10% severity of moderately resistant-to-moderately susceptible response while the 40MSS score indicates 40% severity of moderately susceptible-to-susceptible response and rust score 50S means 50% severity of susceptible type response.

The last disease score when the disease progress is ceased was used to calculate the coefficient of infection (CI) following Pathan Park, et al. and Stubbs, et al. CI value calculated by multiplying the disease severity with constant values for each response class. The constant values of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0 represent host response ratings of immune (I), resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), intermediate (M), moderately susceptible (MS) and susceptible, respectively.

Before data analysis data cleaning for traits was done. Data analysis was conducted using R software for yield, yield related traits and Coefficient of infection for stem rust (CI).

Result and Discussion

Response of the Tested Genotypes for Grain Yield, TKW and Stem Rust Disease

The distribution plot of grain yield, thousand kernel weights, hectoliter weight and other agronomic traits such as DTH, DTM and PHT showed normal frequency distribution. The statistical analysis of variance for grain yield across locations showed that there was a significant variation (P<-0.001) among genotypes, environments, and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) (Table 2). The statistical analysis difference of genotypes and environments indicates that there is a variation among genotype for response of grain yield performance, on the other hand different environment also treating the tested genotypes differently for grain yield performance. Hence, this result leads to recommend best performing genotype for specific location adaptation and for crossing program.

SourceDfDTHDTMPHTTKWHLWGYLDCI
Entry594.41e-16 ***5.71e-08 ***2e-16 ***1.86e-07
***		7.41e-14
***		2e-16 ***2e-16 ***
Rep10.22510.000286 ***1.91e-07 ***0.2540.89540.000347 ***0.100662
ENV22e-16 ***2e-16 ***2e-16 ***2e-16 ***2e-16 ***2e-16 ***2e-16 ***
GxE0.7216240.08961.48e-08 ***0.000125
***
1180.092110.01292 *0.331
Residuals153
CV3.925.095.6517.672.4414.0124.57
Signif. codes: 0 ‘*’ 0.001 ‘’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Table 2: The analysis of variance for grain yield, yield related traits and CI.

The statistical analysis of variance for yield related traits (TKW, HLW, PHT, DTH and DTM) across locations also showed that a significant variation (P<-0.001) between genotypes and environments, however there is no variation genotype by environment interaction (GEI). Statistical analysis revealed that there is highly significant variance for stem rust coefficient of infection (CI) between different tested durum wheat genotypes, testing environments and the interaction of environments x genotypes (Table 2).

The average mean grain yield of the tested genotypes was range from 1532kg-ha (Omrabi5) to 4298kg-ha (DW193582). Genotype DW193582, is the highest yielder among the tested genotypes and resistant to the stem rust, so this genotype is the best to use as a parent as resistant and also for yield gain. The lowest grain yield was observed at Alem Tena site (1160kg/ha) followed by Dhera (1450kg/ ha). This was due to high stem rust pressure at Alem Tena (up to 100%) followed by Dhera (up to 90%). Sixteen (16) genotypes at Dhera site and 14 genotypes Alem Tena site had better grain yield than the standard check (Alemtena) (Table 3). Thirteen genotypes DW193582, DW193543, DW193461, DW193467, DW193465, DW193502, DW193563, DW193636, DW193523, DW193472, DW193509, DW193541 and DW193517 performance was better as compared to the standard check Alemtena at all-testing site.

GYLDTKWC.IInfection TypeSeverity %
GenotypeATDRMJAverageATDRMJATDRMJATDRMJATDRMJ
DW1936251160185127681926263032655513.5SSMSS604010
DW193466202548842823324430404422508MRMSSMS20405
Atlhagy225345552555312131404039400.08MSMRSMS30400
Berghisyr20055038240031482644382.300.08MRMS0MS500
Ouhassan22605160237532652725381.864.04MRMSMS5100
DW193575247357162503356430373649104MRMSMSMS30205
DW193636214556173798385326223425286MRMSMSMS302010
DW1935172480504035233681302836512024MSMSMS402010
DW193552226546882468314034454046126.5MSMSMS40105
DW193502306060582925401427253865468SMSMS50405
DW193560205549893155340028223427106SMS501015
DW1935822700578444104298283336432512MRMSMSMS152010
DW1934822713418728153238282836481010MSSSMS402020
DW1934653063602830104033212536652410MSSMSMS401520
DW1936391935524431853455264034531210SMSMS601020
DW1935662195489224453177272330282418SMSMSMS402020
DW1935332235467631503394MSMSMSS301030
DW193556272555062643362522172642352.04MSMRSMS40300
DW19358022205110241832493653364488.04MRMSMSMS302020
DW1935632813546735583946243236552325.5SSMS603030
DW1935901985450130253170202736632312SMSSMS503020
DW1934762213492638803631SMSSMS403020
DW1936211668449726832949263636803037SSMS703030
DW1935092848532529253699242536602714SSMS603030
DW1936082088424826803005242134707526SSS709040
DW1935451558359628302661243236565516SSMSS806020
DW193634218051533220351816253680288SSMS904015
DW193592137047741973270630323480244.04SMSMS901010
DW1935432715626835204297SMSMS60515
DW1936152545491125803345303634653810SMSMS702020
DW1934832150492923033127103640501618SMSMS501015
Polluce218342422983313622223270244.04SMSMS601010
DW193499180338152935285128363880612SMSMS70530
DW1935232733467539203776303536482316SMSMS502030
DW1934722340577530083708223534652020SMSMSS702030
DW1936111788316930282661263430804318SMSMSS1002040
DW1935002100471126983170263738604018SSMSS604030
DW193461308853604193421328323655338.04SMSMS602020
DW1935672053570325653440282532601414SMSMS501515
DW1935052198481735203510SMSMS504020
DW1936332938429829633399342432503114SMSMS501520
DW1935012148492932233433282338604010SSMS504015
DW1934862230541226003414202728603819.5SMSMS502030
DW1935612280515629553565SMSMS802030
DW1934811685285426202386203338703036SSMS703040
DW1934622000510234303527SSMS703030
Omrabi51530145016181532283936958524SSMSMR908020
DW1934731975412031153070242738856031.5SSMSS1007030
DW1935362045386830452986303838584012SSMS704030
DW1935282223501228233352262536304RMR0MS1005
DW1934892010482931153318282236855012SSMS807030
DW1935682105257321202205SSMS804020
DW1934672923514948704203SSMS905020
DW1935412223529134353692SMSSMS404020
DW1934711388287026852314242134342116SMSMSMS401530
DW1934632398386039653407243636552614SMSMS601515
DW1935731950499226603201262430551034SMSMS502010
DW1935971820478936853380RMRMSMS5105
Alemtena236552592298330726243875354.04SSMS703010
Quamy22804740398336673645423.862.04RMRMSMS5105

Table 3: The response of tested genotypes for yield, yield component and stem rust response.

There are some genotypes that showed high grain yield and yield related traits under high stem rust disease pressure. These genotypes showed tolerance to stem rust would be Adult Plant Resistant (APR). This may be due to accumulation of multiple minor genes. as indicated by Soko, et al. [6] single APR gene alone does not confer adequate resistance especially under high disease pressure, hence combination of four to five such gene may result resistant and minimize yield and yield related traits. Generally, from the total tested genotypes more than 50% had better grain yield than the standard check Alemtena.

The distribution of coefficient of infection was close to normal at Alem Tena and Dhera but skewed to the resitant score at Minjar. Most of the genotypes showed scuceptable response at Alem Tena this indicates that at this location there was high disease pressure than the other two locations with suitable environment for stem rust development. At Dhera about 30% of the genotypes were susceptible and at Minjar the disease pressure was less and most of the genotypes showed less stem rust response.

This study showed that the tested durum wheat genotypes had different severity and reaction response for stem rust and varying levels of grain yield loss due to stem rust and genetic makeup of genotype. In most of the tested genotypes the stem rust response and severity had negative correlation with grain yield, i.e., the genotypes that has high disease severity with susceptible and moderately susceptible reaction response showed low grain yield than the genotypes that have low severity percentage with resistant and moderately resistant reaction on the other hand, some genotypes that exhibited high disease pressure showed high grain yield. There are also genotypes that showed low grain yield under low disease severity with resistant and moderately resistant response; hence these genotypes may be genetically poor for grain yield potential (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Distribution of Coefficient of infection for the Tested Genotypes across the 3 locations.
Click to enlarge
Figure 1: Distribution of Coefficient of infection for the Tested Genotypes across the 3 locations.

About five Genotype such as; DW193466, Atlhagy, Berghisyr, DW193575 and DW193636 showed MRMS reaction and are good sources of resistance for stem rust and have good grain yield and yield related performance and 7 genotypes (DW193528, DW193597, Ouhassan, DW193556, DW193580, DW193528, DW193597) also revealed RMR reaction and have good grain yield and yield related traits performance.

There are also genotypes that showed high stem rust severity with moderately susceptible reaction but no reduced yield. These types of genotypes may be durable resistant for this disease and may carry minor gene resistance, that means the disease severity may be high but its impact on grain yield is very low (Table 2). The genotypes that showed resistance may carry more.

Than one resistance gene. As reported by Emad M. Al- Maaroof, et al. [7] possessing more than one resistant gene increase the time of resistance stability in each cultivar, also the pathogen needs more time to develop virulence against the resistant genes.

The disease severity and reaction varied from 5% to 100% and RMR to S, respectively for Alem Tena location, However for Dhera site the response was from immunity to susceptible and severity raged from 0 to 90%.and at Minjar the severity ranged from trace to 40% with reaction from susceptible (S) to moderately susceptible moderately resistant (MSMR) (Table 2). High disease pressure occurred at Alem Tena in this season which is expected as this site is among the hotspot area for stem rest screening (Table 2). Thousand kernel weight (TKW) showed a positive correlation with grain yield but negative correlation with stem rust. This is an expected result, because TKW is one of the yield components positively correlated with yield. Generally, the stem rust affects seed size and quality by shriveling the durum wheat kernel. Similar result was reported by Nzuve F [8]. Susceptible lines had very shriveled grains in the field and in some cases no grain is harvested at all indicating the negative impact of stem rust on grain yield and quality [9].

Most tested genotypes showed high grain yield and TKW when the CI value was low and vice versa. Ashenafi Gemechu, et al. [2] also reported the same result that stem rust disease resulted a significant reduction in grain yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW) [10].

However, [11] there are few genotypes that revealed high grain yield and TKW under high CI value so these genotypes may be durable rust resistance genotypes which are control by many minor genes. There is Similar report was conducted by Draz, et al. and concluded that durable rust resistance mechanism in wheat is achieved through incorporation of partially resistant minor genes which seems to be more appropriate solution for sustainable wheat production [12].

Performance of the Tested Genotypes across Environments

Polygon (“which-won-where”) View of the GGE Biplots grain yield: The polygon view of the GGE biplot explained 91.46% of the genotype plus genotype by environment variation for grain yield (Figure 2). The GGE biplot analysis for grain yield resulted in five and the three locations fell in two of the sectors indicating that the locations are grouped into two [13]. The first group had locations Minjar and Alem Tena while the second had only Dhera. The genotype in the vertex of the polygon the winner genotype. Therefore, genotype entry number 38 was the winner at Minjar and Alem Tena while genotype 10 was the winner genotype at Dhera (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Which-Won-Where View of the GGE Biplot.
Click to enlarge
Figure 2: Which-Won-Where View of the GGE Biplot.

Genotype: Omrabi5 which had the longest projection from the AEC x-axis was highly unstable genotype and had low grain yield, while more than 50% the tested genotype is stable. six genotypes (DW193461, DW193563, DW193582, DW193575, Berghisyr and DW193462 which have an entry number 38, 20, 12, 6, 4 and 46 respectively have grain yield the above average mean yield and some genotypes such as Omrabi5, DW193625, DW193592, DW193611 and DW193463 with the entry number 47,1,28,36 and 56 respectively had a grain yield below average mean yield.

The discriminating power versus representativeness view of the GGE biplot as shown in Figure 3 showed that test environments Minjar and Dhera with the longest projection from the biplot origin were found to be the environments with more discriminating power that they provided much information about the differences among genotypes than Alem Tena site which has intermediate projection from the biplot origin. Test environment Alem Tena was found to be more representative of other test environments since it has smaller angles with the Average Environment Axis (AEA) [14]. Minjar therefore identified as an ideal environment that has both discriminating abilities of the genotypes and representative of the other test environments. Thus, environment Minjar and Dhera can be used to effectively select superior genotypes that can perform consistently across environments.

Figure 3: Discrimination verses representativeness Plot.
Click to enlarge
Figure 3: Discrimination verses representativeness Plot.
Figure 4: Stability Plot of genotypes across Three Locations.
Click to enlarge
Figure 4: Stability Plot of genotypes across Three Locations.

Mean Performance and Stability of Genotypes: Grain yield performance of the Genotypes trending towards the direction of genotype showed higher grain yield and genotypes trending towards the opposite direction represent the poor performing lines such as genotype Omrabi5 (entry No47), DW193592 (entry No 28) and DW193625 (entry No

1) (Figure 4). Most of the genotypes were the most stable and high yielder as they had near zero projection from the AEC horizontal axis. In agreement with this finding Dennis N, et al. [9] in their finding reported high yielder and stable genotype as well as low yielding and poorly stable genotypes.

S. NGenotypePedigree
G1DW193625NA
G2DW193466SILVER_14/MOEWE//BISU_1/PATKA_3/3/PORRON_4/YUAN_1/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//
CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/10/TARRO_1/2*YUAN_1//
AJAIA_13/YAZI/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/11/ALTAR 84/STINT//SILVER_45/3/
GUANAY/4/GREEN_14//Y
G3AtlhagyMgnl3/Aghrass2/4/IcamorTA0462/3/Arislahn7//CI115/Bcrch1/5/Beltagy1/7/Icasyr1//Mrf2/T.
dids20123/6/319ADDO/5/D68193A1A//Ruff/Fg/3/Mtl5/4/Lahn
G4BerghisyrTer1//Mrf1/Stj2/3/Icasyr3
G5OuhassanOuasloukos1/5/Azn1/4/BEZAIZSHF//SD19539/Waha/3/Gdr2/6/Aghrass1/Bezaiz981//Icajihan2
G6DW193575NASR99/5/RASCON_33/TISOMA_2/3/CANELO_8//SORA/2*PLATA_12/4/SOMAT_4/INTER_8/6/
BCR/GUEROU_1/3/MINIMUS_6/PLATA_16//IMMER
G7DW193636LAHNMIKI/7/STORLOM/3/RASCON_37/TARRO_2//RASCON_37/4/D00003A/5/1A.1D
5+106/3*MOJO/3/AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/6/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//
WODUCK/CHAM_3/3/SOMAT_3/PHAX_1//TILO_1/LOTUS_6
G8DW193517PLATA_7/ILBOR_1//SOMAT_3/3/CABECA_2/PATKA_4//BEHRANG/10/1A.1D 5+1-06/2*WB881//
1A.1D5+106/3*MOJO/3/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/
YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/11/CIRNO C 2008/12/CBC 509 CHILE/5/2*AJAIA_16//
HORA/JRO/
G9DW193552Brigade/4/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//JUPAREC001/3/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//GUAYACAN INIA/6/
WID22202/4/SORA/2*PLATA_12//SOMAT_3/3/AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//
PLATA_13/5/CF4-JS 21//TECA96/TILO_2
G10DW193502CBC509CHILE/6/ECO/CMH76A.722//BIT/3/ALTAR84/4/AJAIA_2/5/KJOVE_1/7/AJAIA_12/
F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/8/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//WODUCK/CHAM_3/13/
SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//GUAYACANINIA/11/BOOMER_33/ZAR/3/BRAK_2/AJAIA_2//SOLGA_8/10/
PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/U
G11DW193560NA
G12DW193582MOHAWK/6/LOTUS_5/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)/5/CHEN/ALTAR 84/3/HUI/POC//BUB/
RUFO/4/FNFOOT/13/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//GUAYACAN INIA/11/BOOMER_33/ZAR/3/BRAK_2/
AJAIA_2//SOLGA_8/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//QFN/AA_7/3/ALBA-D/5/AVO/HUI/7/
PLATA_13/8/THKNEE_11/9/
13DW193482NA
14DW193465HUBEI//SOOTY_9/RASCON_37/3/2*SOOTY_9/RASCON_37/4/2*SOOTY_9/RASCON_37/6/
SOMAT_3/PHAX_1//TILO_1/LOTUS_4/3/GUANAY/5/NETTA_4/DUKEM_12//RASCON_19/3/
SORA/2*PLATA_12/4/GREEN_18/FOCHA_1//AIRON_1/7/ALTAR84/STINT//SILVER_45/3/
GUANAY/4/GREEN_14//YAV_10/AUK/5/G
15DW193639ZHONGZUO/2*GREEN_3//SORA/2*PLATA_12/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//QFN/AA_7/3/
ALBA-D/5/AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/8/THKNEE_11/9/CHEN/ALTAR 84/3/HUI/POC//BUB/RUFO/4/
FNFOOT/11/RISSA/GAN//POHO_1/3/PLATA_3//CREX/ALLA/4/JUPARE C 2001/5/ARMENT//
SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CA
16DW193566DSIAN/11/M�ALI/6/MUSK_1//ACO89/FNFOOT_2/4/MUSK_4/3/PLATA_3//CREX/ALLA/5/
OLUS*2/ILBOR//PATKA_7/YAZI_1/10/SELIM/9/ALTAR84/860137//YAZI_1/4/LIS_8/FILLO_6/3/
FUUT//HORA/JOR/8/GEDIZ/FGO//GTA/3/SRN_1/4/TOTUS/5/ENTE/MEXI_2//HUI/4/YAV_1/3/
LD357E/2*TC60//JO71
17DW193533SIMETO/3/SORA/2*PLATA_12//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/5/TOSKA_26/RASCON_37//SNITAN/4/ARMENT//
SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/7/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//STORLOM/5/TOSKA_26/RASCON_37//
SNITAN/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/6/RISSA/GAN//POHO_1/3/PLATA_3//
CREX/ALLA*2/4/A
18DW193556Eurostar/6/ALTAR84/STINT//SILVER_45/3/GUANAY/4/GREEN_14//YAV_10/AUK/5/GUAYACAN
INIA/YEBAS_8/3/TOPDY_18/FOCHA_1//ALTAR84/7/WID22202/4/SORA/2*PLATA_12//
SOMAT_3/3/AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/5/CF4-JS 21//TECA96/TILO_2
19DW193580NA
20DW193563CATERVO/12/WID22209/7/AINZEN_1/3/SNTURKMI83-84 503/LOTUS_4//MUSK_4/6/
CMH82A.1062/3/GERARDOVZ394//SBA81/PLC/4/AAZ_1/CREX/5/HUI//CIT71/CII/11/LABUD/
NIGRIS_3//GAN/3/AJAIA_13/YAZI/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//QFN/AA_7/3/ALBA-D/5/
AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/10
21DW193590BHA/3/SORA/2*PLATA_12//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/4/AG 1-22/2*ACO89//2*UC1114
22DW193476CF420S/4/YAZI_1/AKAKI_4//SOMAT_3/3/AUK/GUIL//GREEN/5/CANELO_9.1//
SHAKE_3/2*AJAIA_2/12/MOHAWK/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//QFN/AA_7/3/ALBA-D/5/
AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/8/THKNEE_11/9/CHEN/ALTAR84/3/HUI/POC//BUB/RUFO/4/FNFOOT/11/
ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/
23DW193621ODIN_15/WITNEK_1//ISLOM_1/5/TARRO_1/TISOMA_2//TARRO_1/3/COMB DUCK_2/
ALAS//4*COMB DUCK_2/4/SHAG_9/BUTO_17/6/VANRRIKSE_6.2//1A-1D 2+12-5/3*WB881/5/
TARRO_1/TISOMA_2//TARRO_1/3/COMB DUCK_2/ALAS//4*COMB DUCK_2/4/SHAG_9/BUTO_17/7/
PLATA_7/ILBOR_1//SOMAT_3/4
24DW193509P91.272.3.1/3*MEXI75//2*JUPAREC 2001/11/BOOMER_33/ZAR/3/BRAK_2/AJAIA_2//
SOLGA_8/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//QFN/AA_7/3/ALBAD/5/AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/8/
THKNEE_11/9/CHEN/ALTAR84/3/HUI/POC//BUB/RUFO/4/FNFOOT/12/STR/4/JO69/3/JO69/
CRA//CIT71/5/ALTAR 84/
25DW193608B0417/7/ZENIT/5/SORA/2*PLATA_12//RASCON_37/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/
CANELO_9.1/6/MINIMUS_4/GRO_2/3/PROZANA/ARLIN//MUSK_6/5/SULA/RBCE_2/3/HUI//CIT71/
CII/4/RYPS27_3/SKARV_4
26DW193545INRAT102/11/E90040/MFOWL_13//LOTAIL_6/3/PROZANA/ARLIN//MUSK_6/9/USDA595/3/
D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/10/TOSKA_26/
RASCON_37//SNITAN/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.3
27DW193634RANCO//CIT71/CII/3/COMDK/4/TCHO//SHWA/MALD/3/CREX/5/SNITAN/6/YAZI_1/AKAKI_4//
SOMAT_3/3/AUK/GUIL//GREEN/9/CBC509CHILE/6/ECO/CMH76A.722//BIT/3/ALTAR84/4/
AJAIA_2/5/KJOVE_1/7/AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/8/SOOTY_9/
RASCON_37//WODUCK/CHA
28DW193592P91.272.3.1/3*MEXI75//2*JUPAREC2001/11/BOOMER_33/ZAR/3/BRAK_2/AJAIA_2//
SOLGA_8/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//QFN/AA_7/3/ALBAD/5/AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/8/
THKNEE_11/9/CHEN/ALTAR84/3/HUI/POC//BUB/RUFO/4/FNFOOT/12/STR/4/JO69/3/JO69/
CRA//CIT71/5/ALTAR 84/
29DW193543NA
30DW193615WID22241/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/5/TARRO_1/2*YUAN_1//AJAIA_13/
YAZI/3/SOMAT_4/INTER_8/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/6/SORA/2*PLATA_12//
SOMAT_3/3/AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/4/1A.1D 5+1-06/3*MOJO//
RCOL/3/SNITAN/SO
31DW193483NA
32PolluceTpolonicum9/Ch1//IcamorTA0468/3/IcamorTA0459//CandocrossH25/Waha0416/5/CD21760/
Tdic.1Q55132//Ch1/3/Tourus1/4/Sh/6/Ter1//Mrf1/Stj2/7/Bcr/Lks4//Mrf1/Stj2/3/Mrf2/
NormalHamari//Bcr/Lks6
33DW193499SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//WODUCK/CHAM_3/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/
YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/12/WID22209/7/AINZEN_1/3/SN TURKMI83-84503/
LOTUS_4//MUSK_4/6/CMH82A.1062/3/GERARDOVZ 94//SBA81/PLC/4/AAZ_1/CREX/5/HUI//
CIT71/CII/11/LABUD
34DW193523TARRO_1/2*YUAN_1//AJAIA_13/YAZI/3/SOMAT_3/PHAX_1//TILO_1/LOTUS_4/4/CANELO_8//
SORA/2*PLATA_12/5/CBC 501 CHILE/GUANAY/4/CNDO/PRIMADUR//HAI-OU_17/3/SNITAN/7/
ALTAR84/BINTEPE85/3/STOT//ALTAR84/ALD/4/POD_11/YAZI_1/5/VANRRIKSE_12/SNITAN/6/
SOOTY_9/RASCON_
35DW193472CBC509CHILE/6/ECO/CMH76A.722//BIT/3/ALTAR84/4/AJAIA_2/5/KJOVE_1/7/AJAIA_12/
F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/8/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//WODUCK/CHAM_3/9/
TOPDY_18/FOCHA_1//ALTAR84/3/AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/4/
SOMAT_3/GREEN_22/5/VRKS
36DW193611TJILKURI/11/E90040/MFOWL_13//LOTAIL_6/3/PROZANA/ARLIN//MUSK_6/9/USDA595/3/
D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/10/TOSKA_26/
RASCON_37//SNITAN/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.3
37DW193500SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//WODUCK/CHAM_3/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/
YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/12/WID22209/7/AINZEN_1/3/SN TURK MI83-84 503/
LOTUS_4//MUSK_4/6/CMH82A.1062/3/GERARDO VZ 394//SBA81/PLC/4/AAZ_1/CREX/5/HUI//
CIT71/CII/11/LABUD
38DW193461ADAMAR_15//ALBIA_1/ALTAR84/3/SNITAN/4/SOMAT_4/INTER_8/5/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37/6/
BICHENA/AKAKI_7/4/LIS_8/FILLO_6/3/FUUT//HORA/JOR/5/YAZI_1/AKAKI_4//SOMAT_3/3/AUK/
GUIL//GREEN/7/TOPDY_18/FOCHA_1//ALTAR84/3/AJAIA_12/F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//
PLATA_13/4/SO
39DW193567NA
40DW193505P91.272.3.1/3*MEXI75//2*JUPAREC2001/11/BOOMER_33/ZAR/3/BRAK_2/AJAIA_2//
SOLGA_8/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//QFN/AA_7/3/ALBAD/5/AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/8/
THKNEE_11/9/CHEN/ALTAR84/3/HUI/POC//BUB/RUFO/4/FNFOOT/12/STR/4/JO69/3/JO69/
CRA//CIT71/5/ALTAR 84/
41DW193633M�ALI/8/GREEN_2/HIMAN_12//SHIP_1/7/ECO/CMH76A.722//BIT/3/ALTAR 84/4/AJAIA_2/5/
KJOVE_1/6/MALMUK_1/SERRATOR_1/9/SELIM/5/SULA/AAZ_5//CHEN/ALTAR84/3/AJAIA_12/
F3LOCAL(SEL.ETHIO.135.85)//PLATA_13/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/10/
SARAGOYA/5/GUANAY/
42DW193501SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//WODUCK/CHAM_3/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/
YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/12/WID22209/7/AINZEN_1/3/SN TURK MI83-84 503/
LOTUS_4//MUSK_4/6/CMH82A.1062/3/GERARDOVZ394//SBA81/PLC/4/AAZ_1/CREX/5/HUI//
CIT71/CII/11/LABUD
43DW193486SELIM/5/BRAK_2/AJAIA_2//SOLGA_8/3/CANELO_8//SORA/2*PLATA_12/4/YAZI_1/AKAKI_4//
SOMAT_3/3/AUK/GUIL//GREEN/10/NASR99/9/SOMAT_3/PHAX_1//TILO_1/LOTUS_4/7/YEL/
BAR/3/GARZA/AFN//CRA/5/DOM//CRA*2/GS/3/SCOT/4/HORA/6/LAP746/GUIL/8/CREX//BOY/
YAV_1/3/PLATA_6/4/P
44DW193561WOLLAROI/12/LABUD/NIGRIS_3//GAN/3/AJAIA_13/YAZI/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//
QFN/AA_7/3/ALBAD/5/AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/8/THKNEE_11/9/CHEN/ALTAR84/3/HUI/POC//
BUB/RUFO/4/FNFOOT/11/SORA/2*PLATA_12//SOMAT_3/4/STORLOM/3/RASCON_37/TARRO_2//
RASCON_37/5/CADO/
45DW193481CIRNOC2008/4/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//JUPAREC2001/3/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37//CAMAYO
46DW193462PLANETA/PIQUERO//BERGAND/KNIPA/6/YAZI_1/AKAKI_4//SOMAT_3/3/AUK/GUIL//
GREEN/5/2*NETTA_4/DUKEM_12//RASCON_19/3/SORA/2*PLATA_12/4/GREEN_18/FOCHA_1//
AIRON_1/12/ALTAR84/STINT//SILVER_45/3/GUANAY/4/GREEN_14 //YAV_10/AUK/10/
CMH79.959/CHEN//SOOTY_9/RASCON_39
47Omrabi5Joric69/Hau
48DW193473GUAYACANINIA/GUANAY/8/GEDIZ/FGO//GTA/3/SRN_1/4/TOTUS/5/ENTE/MEXI_2//HUI/4/
YAV_1/3/LD357E/2*TC60//JO69/6/SOMBRA_20/7/JUPAREC2001/9/RCOL/ THKNEE_2/3/
SORA/2*PLATA_12//SOMAT_3/10/SOMAT_4/INTER_8/4/GODRIN/GUTROS//DUKEM/3/
THKNEE_11/5/1A.1D 5+1-06/2*WB883
49DW193536ODIN_15/WITNEK_1//ISLOM_1/5/TARRO_1/TISOMA_2//TARRO_1/3/COMB DUCK_2/
ALAS//4*COMBDUCK_2/4/SHAG_9/BUTO_17/6/VANRRIKSE_6.2//1A-1D 2+12-5/3*WB881/5/
TARRO_1/TISOMA_2//TARRO_1/3/COMBDUCK_2/ALAS//4*COMB DUCK_2/4/SHAG_9/BUTO_17/7/
SORA/2*PLATA_12//SOMAT_3/5
50DW193528ZENIT/5/SORA/2*PLATA_12//RASCON_37/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/6/
MINIMUS_4/GRO_2/3/PROZANA/ARLIN//MUSK_6/5/SULA/RBCE_2/3/HUI//CIT71/CII/4/
RYPS27_3/SKARV_3/7/ZENIT/5/SORA/2*PLATA_12//RASCON_37/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/
NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/6/MINIMUS_
51DW193489OROBEL//BUSHEN_4/2*GREEN_18/8/GEDIZ/FGO//GTA/3/SRN_1/4/TOTUS/5/ENTE/MEXI_2//
HUI/4/YAV_1/3/LD357E/2*TC60//JO69/6/SOMBRA_20/7/JUPARE C 2001/11/CLAUDIO/4/
YAZI_1/AKAKI_4//SOMAT_3/3/AUK/GUIL//GREEN/10/TARRO_1/2*YUAN_1//AJAIA_13/YAZI/9/
USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI
52DW193568NA
53DW193467SILVER_14/MOEWE//BISU_1/PATKA_3/3/PORRON_4/YUAN_1/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//
CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/10/TARRO_1/2*YUAN_1//
AJAIA_13/YAZI/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/11/GUAYACAN INIA/2*SNITAN
54DW193541INRAT102/12/LABUD/NIGRIS_3//GAN/3/AJAIA_13/YAZI/10/PLATA_10/6/MQUE/4/USDA573//
QFN/AA_7/3/ALBA-D/5/AVO/HUI/7/PLATA_13/8/THKNEE_11/9/CHEN/ALTAR 84/3/HUI/POC//
BUB/RUFO/4/FNFOOT/11/SORA/2*PLATA_12//SOMAT_3/4/STORLOM/3/RASCON_37/TARRO_2//
RASCON_37/5/CADO
55DW193471SILVER_14/MOEWE//BISU_1/PATKA_3/3/PORRON_4/YUAN_1/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//
CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/10/TARRO_1/2*YUAN_1//
AJAIA_13/YAZI/4/ARMENT//SRN_3/NIGRIS_4/3/CANELO_9.1/11/ALTAR 84/STINT//SILVER_45/3/
GUANAY/4/GREEN_14//Y
56DW193463CIT71/DIPPER_1//ARIZA_2/3/PROZANA/ARLIN//MUSK_6/4/TATLER_1/TARRO_1//
HYDRANASSA30/SILVER_5/10/PLATA_3//CREX/ALLA/3/SORA/2*PLATA_12/4/RASCON_37/
GREEN_2/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/
POD_9/11/ALTAR 84/STINT//SILVE
57DW193573ALTAR84/STINT//SILVER_45/3/GUANAY/4/GREEN_14//YAV_10/AUK/10/CMH79.959/CHEN//
SOOTY_9/RASCON_37/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/
HUI/YAV79/8/POD_11
58DW193597PLATA_7/ILBOR_1//SOMAT_3/3/CABECA_2/PATKA_4//BEHRANG/10/1A.1D5+1-
06/2*WB881//1A.1D5+16/3*MOJO/3/SOOTY_9/RASCON_37/9/USDA595/3/D67.3/RABI//
CRA/4/ALO/5/HUI/YAV_1/6/ARDENTE/7/HUI/YAV79/8/POD_9/11/CIRNOC 2008/12/CAMAYO//
HYDRANASSA30/SILVER_5/3/SOOTY
59AlemtenaIcasyr-1/3/Gcn//Sti/Mrb3
60QuamyCD-75533-A

Table 4: Supplementary Table 1. List of 60 durum wheat genotypes including the two checks evaluated across three locations in 202

Conclusion

On this study 60 genotypes including the two checks were evaluated for grain yield performance, yield related traits and stem rust resistance. The performance of genotypes for interested traits showed a variation across locations. There are genotypes which revealed high grain yield performance and resistance to stem rust as compared to the standard check. These genotypes are DW193461, DW193563, DW193582, DW193575, Berghisyr and DW193462. So, these genotypes could be advanced to the next step for farther test and recommended as a parent for durum wheat breeding program of durum wheat.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank all projects which supporting this durum wheat research work financially and also would like to express gratitude for staff member of Debre Zeit Agricultural research center durum wheat team and other collaborative research center teams for their tough effort of trial management and data collection.

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@article{shewaye2023,
  title   = {Performance Evaluation of Elite Durum Wheat Genotypes for Yield and Stem Rust Response},
  author  = {Shewaye Ishetu Y, Homa S, Batu W and Gemechu A},
  journal = {Open Access Journal of Botanical Insights},
  year    = {2023},
  volume  = {1},
  number  = {1},
  doi     = {10.23880/oajbi-16000105}
}
Shewaye Ishetu Y, Homa S, Batu W and Gemechu A (2023). Performance Evaluation of Elite Durum Wheat Genotypes for Yield and Stem Rust Response. Open Access Journal of Botanical Insights, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.23880/oajbi-16000105
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Performance Evaluation of Elite Durum Wheat Genotypes for Yield and Stem Rust Response
AU  - Shewaye Ishetu Y, Homa S, Batu W and Gemechu A
JO  - Open Access Journal of Botanical Insights
PY  - 2023
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
DO  - 10.23880/oajbi-16000105
ER  -